El sistema operatiu Ubuntu inclou per defecte el gestor de fitxers Nautilus. Encara hi ha qui prefereix altres programes a l'hora de gestionar el seu entorn, Seria difícil poder incloure diversos ells per donar cabuda a tots els gustos, especialment perquè molts són dependents de certs tipus d'escriptoris.
Per això, en aquesta guia us explicarem com establir l'explorador Thunar com a aplicació per defecte en el vostre sistema Ubuntu. Disposareu de diversos mètodes perquè trieu aquell que més s'adeqüi als vostres gustos.
Tot i que la forma recomanada per la gent de Canonical és el mètode manual, us deixem dos més perquè us decidiu per aquell que us resulti més còmode.
Determinació de Thunar manualment
La configuració per defecte de sistema Ubuntu es sobreescriu amb la particular de cada usuari, que es troba localitzada en el directori casa de cada un. Accedirem a la ruta ~ / .Local / share / applications (I recordeu que fa referència a directori casa i no a directori usr) I crearem un fitxer anomenat thunar.desktop amb la següent informació:
[Desktop Entry] Name=Open Folder TryExec=thunar Exec=thunar %U NoDisplay=true Terminal=false Icon=folder-open StartupNotify=true Type=Application MimeType=x-directory/gnome-default-handler;x-directory/normal;inode/directory;application/x-gnome-saved-search;
A continuació, editeu el fitxer defaults.list localitzat en ~ / .Local / share / applications i introduir les següents línies:
inode/directory=thunar.desktop x-directory/normal=thunar.desktop
Amb això quedaran associats els tipus MIME a Thunar i podreu veure els efectes de forma immediata, sense necessitat d'haver de reiniciar l'ordinador.
Determinació de Thunar mitjançant script
Per executar el següent script, Copieu el codi que a continuació us deixem en un fitxer que creieu en el vostre directori casa. En la nostra guia el nomenarem com defaultthunar.
#!/bin/bash
## Originally written by aysiu from the Ubuntu Forums
## This is GPL'ed code
## So improve it and re-release it
## Define portion to make Thunar the default if that appears to be the appropriate action
makethunardefault()
{
## I went with --no-install-recommends because
## I didn't want to bring in a whole lot of junk,
## and Jaunty installs recommended packages by default.
echo -e "\nMaking sure Thunar is installed\n"
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install thunar --no-install-recommends
## Does it make sense to change to the directory?
## Or should all the individual commands just reference the full path?
echo -e "\nChanging to application launcher directory\n"
cd /usr/share/applications
echo -e "\nMaking backup directory\n"
## Does it make sense to create an entire backup directory?
## Should each file just be backed up in place?
sudo mkdir nonautilusplease
echo -e "\nModifying folder handler launcher\n"
sudo cp nautilus-folder-handler.desktop nonautilusplease/
## Here I'm using two separate sed commands
## Is there a way to string them together to have one
## sed command make two replacements in a single file?
sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-folder-handler.desktop
sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-folder-handler.desktop
echo -e "\nModifying browser launcher\n"
sudo cp nautilus-browser.desktop nonautilusplease/
sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop --browser/thunar/g' nautilus-browser.desktop
sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-browser.desktop
echo -e "\nModifying computer icon launcher\n"
sudo cp nautilus-computer.desktop nonautilusplease/
sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-computer.desktop
sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-computer.desktop
echo -e "\nModifying home icon launcher\n"
sudo cp nautilus-home.desktop nonautilusplease/
sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-home.desktop
sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-home.desktop
echo -e "\nModifying general Nautilus launcher\n"
sudo cp nautilus.desktop nonautilusplease/
sudo sed -i -n 's/Exec=nautilus/Exec=thunar/g' nautilus.desktop
## This last bit I'm not sure should be included
## See, the only thing that doesn't change to the
## new Thunar default is clicking the files on the desktop,
## because Nautilus is managing the desktop (so technically
## it's not launching a new process when you double-click
## an icon there).
## So this kills the desktop management of icons completely
## Making the desktop pretty useless... would it be better
## to keep Nautilus there instead of nothing? Or go so far
## as to have Xfce manage the desktop in Gnome?
echo -e "\nChanging base Nautilus launcher\n"
sudo dpkg-divert --divert /usr/bin/nautilus.old --rename /usr/bin/nautilus && sudo ln -s /usr/bin/thunar /usr/bin/nautilus
echo -e "\nRemoving Nautilus as desktop manager\n"
killall nautilus
echo -e "\nThunar is now the default file manager. To return Nautilus to the default, run this script again.\n"
}
restorenautilusdefault()
{
echo -e "\nChanging to application launcher directory\n"
cd /usr/share/applications
echo -e "\nRestoring backup files\n"
sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop .
sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-browser.desktop .
sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-computer.desktop .
sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-home.desktop .
sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus.desktop .
echo -e "\nRemoving backup folder\n"
sudo rm -r nonautilusplease
echo -e "\nRestoring Nautilus launcher\n"
sudo rm /usr/bin/nautilus && sudo dpkg-divert --rename --remove /usr/bin/nautilus
echo -e "\nMaking Nautilus manage the desktop again\n"
nautilus --no-default-window &
## The only change that isn't undone is the installation of Thunar
## Should Thunar be removed? Or just kept in?
## Don't want to load the script with too many questions?
}
## Make sure that we exit if any commands do not complete successfully.
## Thanks to nanotube for this little snippet of code from the early
## versions of UbuntuZilla
set -o errexit
trap 'echo "Previous command did not complete successfully. Exiting."' ERR
## This is the main code
## Is it necessary to put an elseif in here? Or is
## redundant, since the directory pretty much
## either exists or it doesn't?
## Is there a better way to keep track of whether
## the script has been run before?
if [[ -e /usr/share/applications/nonautilusplease ]]; then
restorenautilusdefault
else
makethunardefault
fi;
A continuació, pegueu els següents comandaments en el vostre acaba i haureu finalitzat:
chmod +x defaultthunar ./defaultthunar
Determinació de Thunar per als amants de les GUI
Finalment, per a aquells que no busqueu moltes complicacions i us agradi configurar el sistema des d'un entorn de finestres, Proveu a executar des de la consola de terminal la següent comanda:
exo-preferred-applications
Seguidament, us apareixerà una finestra com la següent des de la qual podreu triar el vostre gestor:
