A cikin labarin na gaba zamu kalli Flask. Gabas aikin microframe An rubuta kyauta da bude hanya a Python. Zai ba mu damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen yanar gizo da sauri kuma tare da mafi ƙarancin layukan lambar. An tsara shi don taimakawa masu haɓaka ƙirƙirar amintattun, daidaitawa da daidaitaccen aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo. Flask ya dogara ne akan Werkzeug kuma yana amfani da Jinja2 azaman injin samfuri.
Ba kamar DjangoTa tsohuwa, Flask bai haɗa da ba ORM, ingantaccen tsari ko duk wani aikin da aka samar daga dakunan karatu na ɓangare na uku. An gina wannan microframework tare da haɓaka a cikin tunani. Waɗannan abubuwan fakitin Python ne, wanda da su zamu iya ƙara ayyuka zuwa aikace-aikacen Flask.
Dogaro da abin da kowane mai amfani yake buƙata, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don girka Flask. Yana za a iya shigar da tsarin fadi ko a cikin kama-da-wane Python yanayi ta amfani da pip. A cikin layi masu zuwa zamu ga yadda zamu iya aiwatar da shigarwa a cikin yanayi mai kyau.
Babban mahimmancin yanayin kewayen Python shine ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen yanayi don ayyuka daban-daban. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya samun wurare daban-daban na Flask akan kwamfuta guda ɗaya. Don haka za mu iya shigar da takamaiman sigar rukunin ɗari-ɗari zuwa aikin ba tare da mun damu da ko zai shafi sauran kayan aikin da muke da su ba.
Sanya Flask akan Ubuntu 18.04
Ina fatan layuka masu zuwa suna ba da isassun bayanai don iyawa shigar Flask a cikin Python yanayi mai amfani ta amfani da Ubuntu 18.04.
Sanya Python 3 da venv
Ubuntu 18.04 ya zo tare da Python 3.6 ta tsohuwa. Kuna iya tabbatar da kafuwa ta buɗe m (Ctrl + Alt T) da kuma buga:
python3 -V
Kamar Python 3.6, hanyar da aka ba da shawara don ƙirƙirar mahalli mai kyau ita ce amfani da ƙirar venv. Domin shigar da kunshin python3-venv wanda aka ba da shi ta ƙirar venv, a cikin wannan tashar dole ne ku kashe:
sudo apt install python3-venv
Bayan shigarwa, muna shirye don ƙirƙirar yanayin kamala.
Irƙirar yanayi na kamala
Za mu fara da zuwa kundin adireshi inda muke da sha'awar adana muhallin mu na zamani mai suna Python 3. Zai iya zama babban kundin adireshin ka ko wani kundin adireshi inda mai amfani ya karanta kuma ya rubuta izini.
Don wannan misalin zan kirkiro sabon kundin adireshi don aikace-aikacen Flask. To zan sami damar shiga ta:
mkdir mis_flask_app cd mis_flask_app
Da zarar cikin kundin adireshi, dole kawai ka yi gudanar da wannan umarni don ƙirƙirar sabon yanayin kamala:
python3 -m venv venv
Umurnin da ke sama yana ƙirƙirar shugabanci da ake kira venv. Ya ƙunshi kwafin Python binary, manajan kunshin Pip, ɗakin karatu mai kyau na Python, da sauran fayilolin tallafi. Ana iya amfani da kowane suna don yanayin kama-da-wane.
Don fara amfani da wannan yanayi mai mahimmanci, dole ne muyi kunna shi ta hanyar kunna rubutun kunnawa:
source venv/bin/activate
Da zarar an kunna, za a ƙara kundin adireshin bin yanayi mai fa'ida zuwa farkon canjin $ PATH. Kazalika zai canza umarnin umarnin harsashinka kuma ya nuna sunan yanayin kama-da-wane kuna amfani dashi yanzu A cikin wannan misalin, zamu ga wani abu kamar haka:
Girkawa Flask
Yanzu cewa an kunna yanayin kama-da-wane, zamu iya yi amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin Python don girka flask:
pip install Flask
A cikin yanayin kama-da-wane, zamu iya amfani da umarnin pip maimakon pip3 da python maimakon python3.
Zai iya zama duba sigar da aka shigar na microframework ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
python -m flask --version
Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin hoton da ya gabata, a lokacin rubuta wannan labarin, sabon aikin hukuma na Flask shine 1.0.2
Irƙirar ƙaramar aikace-aikace
Yanzu zamu tafi ƙirƙiri da hankula aikace-aikace na "Sannu Duniya". Zai nuna rubutu ɗaya kawai a kowane allo. Don ƙirƙirar shi za mu yi amfani da editan rubutun da muka fi so:
vim ~/mis_flask_app/hola.py
A cikin fayil ɗin manna layuka masu zuwa:
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hola_ubunlog():
return 'Hola Ubunlog'
A layin farko muna shigo da Flask class. Na gaba, mun ƙirƙiri misali na ajin Flask. Sannan muna amfani da hanyar () kayan ado don yin rajistar aikin hello_ubunlog() don hanyar /. Lokacin da aka nemi wannan hanyar, ana kiran hello_ubunlog() da sakon'hola Ubunlog'an mayar da shi ga abokin ciniki.
Lokacin da aka gama mun aje file din kamar sannu.py.
Gwada sabar ci gaba
Zamuyi amfani umarnin flask don gudanar da aikace-aikacen, amma kafin hakan muna bukata gaya wa Flask yadda za a loda aikace-aikacen ta hanyar tantance yanayin yanayin FLASK_APP:
export FLASK_APP=hola flask run
Umurnin da ke sama zai fara da sabar ci gaban da aka saka. Kayan aikin zai yi kama da mai zuwa:
Idan ka bude burauzarka ka buga http://127.0.0.1:5000 sakon aikace-aikacenmu zai bayyana, "hola Ubunlog".
para dakatar da ci gaban sabar, buga Ctrl + C a cikin tashar.
Kashe yanayin kama-da-wane
Da zarar mun gama aikin, za mu kashe yanayi mai kyau don komawa ga harsashinmu al'ada, buga:
deactivate
Idan kun kasance sabon zuwa Flask, ziyarci shafin na takaddun hukuma by Tsakar Gida kuma koya yadda zaka inganta aikace-aikacen ka.