Gano kayan aiki a cikin Ubuntu

Daya daga cikin bangarorin da ke haifar da matsaloli ga sabbin masu amfani da Linux gaba daya musamman Ubuntu, shine amincewa da na'urori a cikin tsarin lokacin da ba'a gano su ta atomatik ba. Kamar yadda kuka riga kuka sani, gano kayan aikin kayan, akasin abin da ke faruwa a cikin tsarin Windows, ana aiwatar da kwaya ne a lokacin fara tsarin, kuma akwai yiwuwar daga baya a gane wasu na'urorin da suke da zafi an haɗa

Wannan karamin jagorar shine nufin fadakar da ku kadan a cikin ayyukan gama gari don sanin kayan aiki a cikin Ubuntu, inda zamuyi magana game da abubuwan da aka fi sani: CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ajiya tsakanin waɗansu.

A lokuta da dama matsalar Ba ya karya cikin yadda za a duba idan ba menene ba, tunda direbobin kayan komputa na komputa a cikin tsarin Unix sun dan bambanta kadan da yadda ake yin sa a cikin muhallin Windows (kwayar Windows ta dogara galibi akan direbobi don tallafawa nau'ikan tsarin tsarin, yayin kan Linux kwaya ce ke tallafawa mafi yawan na'urorin).

Ba tare da samun damar isa ga kowane irin na’urori da kayan aikin da zasu iya kasancewa a cikin kwamfutar ba (tunda hakan babban aiki ne), muna son tattara wadancan main cewa kowace kwamfuta zata iya samu kuma wannan ba tsarin yake ganowa ba kai tsaye. Waɗannan matakan ana iya ɗaukar su da mahimmanci a cikin lamura da yawa don daga baya su sami direbobi masu buƙata kuma ƙara su zuwa tsarin.

Janar jerin kayan aikin kayan aiki

Gabaɗaya, ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa za mu iya sami bayyani na duk kayan aikin da aka gano a cikin kungiyarmu.

 $ sudo lshw 

Ta yaya zaku ga jerin wannan shine yana haifar da yawa sosai kuma dalla-dalla, saboda haka yana da kyau a zubar da shi zuwa fayil ko don haɗa wani aiki don karanta shi da kwanciyar hankali.

Fahimtar mai sarrafawa

Mai sarrafawa yana ɗayan abubuwan da ke cikin komputa, tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da na'urorin shigarwa da fitarwa. Fayil ɗin tsari da umarni mai sauƙi na iya taimaka gano wane nau'in mai sarrafawa ake ganewa a cikin yanayinmu. Ana tallafawa wannan bangaren a cikin kwaya, don haka idan akwai matsala saboda ba a gane duk karfin masarrafanmu, za mu buƙaci kwaya (ko rarrabawa) mai tallata ta.

Fayil din da ke ciki / proc / cpuinfo Zai ba mu cikakken bayani game da fitowar CPU ɗinmu:

Kuma ta hanyar umarnin lscpu, wanda baya buƙatar ƙarin masu gyara, zamu iya samun bayanai daga CPU ta hanyar abokantaka:

Fahimtar ƙwaƙwalwa

Orywaƙwalwar ajiya wani ɗayan mahimman abubuwa ne a cikin tsarin. Gudanar da shi da kyau, gami da zaɓi don cin gajiyar duk iyawarta, tabbatar da dacewar tsarin aiki da ingantaccen aiki. Don samun bayanan fasaha iri ɗaya dole ne mu koma ga babban umurni kan kayan aikin tsarin cewa mun nuna a farkon, tuna, lshw.

Har ila yau, akwai wasu jerin umarnin waɗanda ke ba mu damar samun cikakken bayani kan adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da dentin ɗin ta a cikin tsarin aiki, wanda zai iya ba mu isasshen bayani don sanin ko ana amfani da matakan da aka sanya a cikin kayan aikin daidai ko a'a. cikakkun bayanai game da yadda ake gane shi a cikin yanayin aiki. Manyan umarni suna zama misali (don ƙayyade adadin kuɗi da wanda aka sauya), vmstat -SM -a (don cikakkun bayanai akan

Fahimtar rumbun kwamfutoci

Umurnin mai zuwa sanannun kowa ne, fdisk, mu jera na'urorin da aka gano akan kwamfutarmu.

 $ sudo fdisk -l

Amma yaya idan kawai mun shigar da sabon SATA ko SCSI kuma tsarin bai gano shi ba? Wannan wani abu ne gama gari ne idan ka yi amfani da matattarar SATA mai ɗumi (tabbatar da cewa zaɓi na musayar zafi a cikin BIOS na kwamfutar ko kuma, in ba haka ba, zai yi aiki azaman diski na IDE na yau da kullun kuma lallai ne ku sake kunna kwamfutar don tsarin ya gano ta) ko injuna na kirki, inda zai yuwu a ƙara SCSI irin diski waɗanda kwamfutar ba ta gane su kai tsaye.

Idan wannan lamarinku ne, dole ne ku tilasta ceton mai kula. Don yin wannan, shigar da umarni mai zuwa:

 $ grep mpt /sys/class/scsi_host/host?/proc_name

Wannan umarnin zai dawo da layin nau'in: / sys / aji / scsi_host /hostX/ sunan suna: mptspi (ina hostX shine filin da yake sha'awar mu). Na gaba, shigar da umarni mai zuwa don tilasta rescan:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan

Fahimtar katin zane

Idan kun tuna cewa mun ambata a farkon labarin cewa kernel na Linux ya ba da kula da wasu na'urori ga masarrafan da aka girka na kwamfutar, batun katunan zane yana ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin da aikinsu ya gada. Abin da ya sa umarnin da zai taimaka mana a wannan yanayin shine:

lspci | grep VGA

Kuma zai bamu bayanin mai kulawa da tsarin ke amfani dashi a cikin kungiyar.

Tare da wannan bayanin tambaya ce ta tabbatarwa idan muna amfani da madaidaicin direba a cikin tsarinmu ko kuma zamuyi amfani da wani takamaiman takamaiman abu ko ci gaba.

Fahimtar na'urorin USB

A wannan yanayin muna da wani takamaiman umarni don waɗannan nau'ikan na'urori:

lsusb

Kayan aikin ku zai bamu bayanai game da na'urorin USB da aka haɗa kamar haka:

Don sake kunna na'urorin USB, zamu iya tsara cronjob tare da umarni mai zuwa don sabunta matsayin na'urorin kowane minti:

* * * * *    lsusb -v 2>&1 1>/dev/null

Muna fatan cewa wannan ɗan jagorar zai kasance mai amfani a gare ku don yawancin na'urorin ku. Tabbas akwai ƙarin umarni da yawa a cikin kayan aiki da aikace-aikace domin saukarwa dan neman wasu bayanai.

Shin kun sami wani umarni mai amfani a cikin aikinku tare da tsarin Ubuntu don gano kayan aiki?