Wani lokaci idan muka zazzage manhaja ba za mu sami wani abu kamar na'ura mai ƙarfi ba, musamman ma idan muna aiki akan kwamfutar da ke da tsarin aiki na tushen Linux. Yawancin lokaci muna samun DEB, RPM da fakitin binary, waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa cikin abin da aka sani da "tarball" (.tar.gz). Lokacin da muka zazzage waɗannan fayilolin za mu ga babban fayil cike da wasu fayiloli, kuma sau da yawa komai yana shirye don amfani, amma ba koyaushe muke fahimtar abin da kowane abu yake ba. A cikin waɗannan fayilolin za a iya samun ɗaya ko fiye tare da tsawo na hoton CD, kuma a yau za mu yi bayani menene fayil BIN.
Lokacin tunani game da kalmar BIN, ra'ayoyi daban-daban, ra'ayoyi ko hotuna suna zuwa kan kaina. Kamar yadda nake wasa a kodayaushe, daya daga cikinsu bai da alaka da manhajar kwamfuta, kuma ita ce sunan karshe na daya daga cikin jaruman abokai, duk da na san sarai cewa ba a rubuta irin wannan ba. Wani abu da nake tunani game da shi shine babban fayil ɗin da ke cikin tushen Linux (/) kuma inda yawancin masu aiwatarwa suke. Amma a nan muna magana ne game da irin fayiloli, kuma akwai kuma nau'i fiye da ɗaya. Ɗayan su shine hoton diski.
Menene fayil ɗin BIN
Za mu yi magana game da abin da muka samu a cikin kwalta daga baya, amma abubuwa na farko. Fayil BIN shine a faifan hoton diski dauke da duk bayanai akan faifan gani, gami da fayiloli, tsarin tsarin fayil, da bayanan taya. Fayilolin BIN galibi ana ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar wani shiri mai suna “CD/DVD Imaging”, wanda ke karanta bayanai daga faifan gani kuma yana adana su zuwa fayil ɗin BIN akan rumbun kwamfutarka.
Fayilolin BIN tsari ne na gama gari don rarraba madadin fayafai na gani, saboda suna ɗauke da ainihin kwafin duk bayanan da ke kan asalin faifan. Wannan yana nufin cewa zaku iya amfani da fayil ɗin BIN don ƙirƙirar ainihin kwafin faifan asali akan wani diski na gani ko akan kwamfutarku.
Idan kuna sha'awar wasanni kuma masu kwaikwayo, za ku lura, kuma idan ban riga na bayyana shi ba, cewa wasu masu kwaikwayon suna aiki da fayilolin BIN. Misali, DuckStation, mai kwaikwayi na farkon PlayStation (PSX ko PS ONE) yana aiki mafi kyau tare da fayilolin BIN, har na kasa samun damar yin aiki tare da kowane ISO, wani tsarin hoto.
Yadda ake buɗe fayil ɗin BIN a cikin Ubuntu
hay hanyoyi daban-daban don buɗe fayil BIN akan Ubuntu, dangane da abin da kuke son yi da shi. Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu: Haɗa fayil ɗin BIN azaman diski mai kama-da-wane, ko cire fayilolin daga fayil ɗin BIN kuma adana su a wani wuri. Ga wasu hanyoyin da za a iya gwadawa:
Hana BIN a matsayin faifan kama-da-wane
Hanya ɗaya don samun damar abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin BIN a cikin Ubuntu shine sanya shi azaman diski mai kama-da-wane. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin aiki zai ɗauki fayil ɗin BIN kamar diski na gani na zahiri, yana ba mu damar shiga abubuwan da ke cikinsa kamar muna karanta ainihin diski.
Don hawa fayil ɗin BIN azaman faifai mai kama-da-wane a cikin Ubuntu, za mu bi waɗannan matakan:
- Mun bude tashar mota
- Mun ƙirƙiri kundin shugabanci mara komai wanda a ciki za mu iya hawa fayil ɗin BIN. Yawancin lokaci ina amfani da sunan "delete me" don waɗannan abubuwan, amma a cikin wannan misalin za mu yi aiki a kan babban fayil mai suna Virtual_disk. A cikin Terminal dole ne mu rubuta:
mkdir ~/virtual_disk
- Yanzu muna hawa fayil ɗin BIN a matsayin faifai mai kama-da-wane ta amfani da umarnin "Mount", muna canza sunan fayil ɗin BIN zuwa wanda muke son buɗewa kuma muna ɗauka muna son saka shi a cikin babban fayil ɗin Virtual_disk wanda zai kasance a cikin babban fayil ɗin mu:
sudo mount -o loop file.bin ~/virtual_disk
- Tare da waɗannan matakan da aka aiwatar, yanzu za mu iya samun damar abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin BIN kamar diski na gaske. Don haka, zai isa ya buɗe manajan fayil ɗin Ubuntu, wanda kuma aka sani da Files ko Nautilus, kuma kewaya zuwa kundin adireshin da muka dora don ganin abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin BIN.
- Muna cire fayilolin ko aiwatar da ayyukan da muke buƙata.
cire abun ciki
Idan abin da ke sama ya gaza mu, wanda zai yiwu kuma ma mai yiwuwa, za mu iya fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin tare da kayan aiki kamar haka:
- cin hanci (sudo apt install bchunk) kayan aikin layin umarni ne da ake amfani dashi don canza fayilolin BIN/CUE zuwa hotunan ISO. Da zarar an shigar, za mu iya canza fayil ɗin BIN zuwa ISO tare da wannan umarni:
bchunk source_file.bin source_file.cue output_file.iso
- acetone (sudo apt shigar acetoneiso) kayan aiki ne tare da ƙirar mai amfani da hoto wanda ake amfani dashi don hawa da cire fayilolin hoton diski a cikin Ubuntu. Da zarar an shigar da shi, amfani da shi yana da sauƙi kamar na kowane ma'ajiyar bayanai, kuma abin da zai yi yana kama da abin da aka bayyana a sama: zai hau hoton da muke nema kamar CD, kuma za mu iya shiga cikin ma'ajin. abun ciki na hoton CD kuma muyi abin da muke so da shi (kada ku share abubuwa, amma kuyi kwafi, cirewa…).
- ISO Furius (sudo dace shigar furusisomount). Kusan duk abin da aka fada game da acetoneiso yana aiki ga Furius ISO. Abin da kawai za a canza shi ne hoton hoton, amma aikin iri ɗaya ne, kuma kayan aiki ne mai zane mai hoto.
- Sauran kayan aikin layin umarni sun haɗa da Gmount-iso (sudo dace shigar gmountiso) da cdemu (sudo dace shigar cdemu-abokin ciniki cdemu-daemon) kuma umarni don hawa zai kasance.
gmount-iso archivo_original.bin /media/punto_de_montajeycdemu -b system load 0 archivo_original.binbi da bi, kuma a cikin duka biyun maye gurbin archivo_original.bin tare da fayil ɗin BIN da muke son buɗewa.
Sauran nau'ikan fayilolin BIN
Sauran “bin” da za su iya ruɗe mu su ne waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin kwalta da muka ambata a farkon wannan labarin. Na ainihi su ne hotunan CD, amma akwai wasu da suke aiwatarwa na shirin. Misali, idan muka zazzage Firefox tarball, fayil ɗin da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa don buɗe shi shine firefox-bin, amma wannan nau'in fayil ne na binary executable wanda masu sarrafa fayil kamar Nautilus ko Dolphin ke yiwa lakabin.
Saboda haka, akwai aƙalla nau'ikan fayiloli guda biyu waɗanda suka dace da bayanin abin da wannan labarin ya kunsa: ɗayan hoton CD ne, ɗayan kuma mai aiwatarwa ne. Za a sami na uku, amma ga masu amfani da Arch Linux: a cikin AUR (majigin al'ummar Arch Linux) akwai fakitin da suka ƙare da haruffa guda uku, misali na gani-studio-code-bin, kuma menene ke da irin wannan fakitin. musamman shi ne cewa an riga an haɗa su, don haka shigarwa yana da sauri. Amma wannan ba shi da alaƙa da Ubuntu, ko kuma abubuwan aiwatarwa ko hotunan CD.
Ina fatan wannan labarin ya taimaka muku fahimtar menene fayil ɗin BIN da yadda ake magance shi daga Ubuntu.