Yadda ake girka fakitin RPM a cikin Ubuntu da dangoginsa

A watan da ya gabata, Linus Torvalds m cewa kuna son Linux ta zama kamar Android. Yawancinku sun sanya hannayenku a kan kanku, har sai kun karanta cewa abin da yake magana a kai shi ne cewa a cikin Android za mu iya shigar da aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin APK, yayin da a cikin Linux akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa. Kunshin DEB, Snap, Flatpak, AppImage ... kuma akwai rarrabuwa waɗanda suma suke amfani da Kunshin RPM, daga cikinsu akwai Red Hat ko CentOS.

Shin za mu iya shigar da fakitin RPM akan Ubuntu? Ee a zahiri, a zahiri kowane abu daga wannan rarraba Linux za'a iya yin shi akan wani. Abin da ya faru shi ne, tunda ba kunshin abubuwan da aka tsara don Debian bane ko kowane irin sa, dole ne mu fara girka kayan aiki da ake kira "baƙo". A fasaha ba za mu girka fakitin RPM akan Ubuntu ba. Abin da za mu yi shi ne canza shi zuwa DEB don samun damar girka shi a kan babban tsarin aikin wannan rukunin yanar gizon, da kuma duk wani abin da ya dace da wannan nau'in kunshin, daga cikinsu akwai "uba" na duka, wato, da aka ambata a sama Debian.

Canza fakitin RPM zuwa DEB tare da Baƙon

Abu na farko da zamuyi shine girka Alien. Yana cikin ma'ajiyar "sararin samaniya", don haka ya kamata ya kasance akan yawancin rabarwar tushen Ubuntu. Mataki na farko na iya zama don ƙoƙarin shigar da kunshin kai tsaye (mataki na 2); idan ya gaya mana cewa babu shi, to za mu ƙara wurin ajiyar. The matakai zai zama da wadannan

1. Muna ƙara ma'ajiyar "sararin samaniya" idan ba mu da shi. Wasu Live Sessions suna gudana ba tare da shi ba:

sudo add-apt-repository universe

2. Na gaba, muna sabunta wuraren adanawa kuma shigar da Baƙo:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install alien

Umurnin da ke sama ya kamata shigar da duk abubuwan dogaro da ake buƙata. Idan wannan ba haka bane, zamu aiwatar da wannan umarnin:

sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev debhelper build-essential

Shigar ko juyawa?

3. Yanzu muna da zaɓi biyu: Shigar dashi kai tsaye ko juya shi zuwa DEB.
   • Don shigar da shi kai tsaye za mu rubuta umarnin mai zuwa:

sudo alien -i paquete.rpm

• • Ana yin jujjuyawar tare da umarni mai zuwa:

sudo alien paquete.rpm

A kowane hali, "kunshin" dole ne a maye gurbinsu da sunan kunshin, wanda ya haɗa da cikakkiyar hanyar zuwa kunshin. Bambanci tsakanin duka umarnin shine na farkon ya maida shi DEB ya girka shi, yayin da na biyu kawai ke ƙirƙirar kunshin DEB daga RPM. Idan muka yi amfani da umarni na biyu, to dole ne mu girka shi, wani abu da za mu iya yi ta danna sau biyu a kansa da amfani da kayan aikin girke da muke so, kamar cibiyar software.

Shin ya dace a girka fakitin RPM a cikin Ubuntu?

To haka ne kuma a'a. Da wannan nake nufi zai fi kyau shigar da fakiti waɗanda aka tsara don tsarin aiki. Abin da ke aiki mafi kyau akan Ubuntu shine software da aka zazzage daga rumbun ajiyar APT na hukuma sannan kuma fakitin Canonical's Snap. Flatpak fakitoci suna aiki da kyau don mafi yawan lokuta, amma wani lokacin basu da kyau kamar abubuwan DEB ko Snapaura a kan wasu tsarin aiki.

Da yawa daga fakitin RPM ana samunsu azaman kayan DEB ko a cikin rumbunan ajiyar Ubuntu, don haka zai zama wauta da ɓata lokaci don sauya fakiti zuwa tsari wanda yake da shi. Amma gaskiyar ita ce akwai masu haɓakawa waɗanda kawai ke sakin software ɗin su a cikin nau'ikan fakiti guda ɗaya, kuma koyaushe muna iya nemo software don Linux wacce ke cikin RPM kuma ba a cikin kowane irin tsari ba.

A takaice, duk abin da ke rayuwa dole ne ya bi oda kuma wancan tsari (a halin yanzu) a cikin Ubuntu, A ganina, dole ne:

1. Ubuntu tsoffin wuraren ajiya (ko kuma tsarin da muke amfani da shi).
2. Posungiyoyi na uku, wato, na masu haɓaka software.
3. Aukar fakiti, tunda sun kasance daga Canonical kuma an haɗa tallafi ta tsohuwa.
4. Flatpak fakitoci, saboda shahararsu kuma saboda zamu iya haɗa su cikin Ubuntu da cibiyar software.
5. AppImage, idan muka zazzage su daga sanannun kafofin.
6. Sauran, daga cikinsu akwai fakitin RPM.

Shin kun sami fakitin RPM waɗanda kuke son girkawa akan Ubuntu kuma yanzu zaku iya godiya ga wannan labarin?