Yin babban haɗari, na bar "Microsoft" a cikin hoton da ke sama da gangan. Ina fata wannan bayani dalla-dalla ba shine dalilin da wasu daga cikin masu karatunmu suka yi watsi da mu ba, amma wani abu ne da ke zama gabatarwa ga ɗaya daga cikin labaran da aka ƙirƙira don amsa tambayoyi, amma idan kuna neman abin da kanun labarai ya ce, mu kawai zai amsa da a takaice "ba zai iya ba". Kuma shi ne cewa shakka cewa wasu masu amfani da shi ne yadda ake saka Directx 11 akan ubuntu.
To, yana shigar daidai da WhatsApp. Ko kuma kamar Microsoft Office, wanda kuma daga kamfani ɗaya yake. Gaskiyar ita ce ba a shigar da shi kai tsaye ba, amma ana iya ɗaukar hanyoyi don duk abin da ke buƙatar DirectX 11 ko kowane nau'insa yana aiki akan Linux. Domin tambayar da ta kawo ku nan tana iya samun wata tambaya mai mahimmanci, kuma tambayar ba yadda ake shigar da DirectX a Ubuntu ba, a'a ta yaya zan iya amfani da software a Ubuntu mai buƙatar DirectX 11, 12 ko ma menene.
Menene DirectX
DirectX a tarin fasahar shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen multimedia da graphics Microsoft ya haɓaka. An fi amfani dashi don haɓakawa da gudanar da aikace-aikacen multimedia da wasanni akan dandalin Windows. Wannan tarin yana ba da kayan aiki iri-iri da albarkatu don masu haɓaka software, gami da APIs don zane-zane na 2D da 3D, sauti, shigar da na'urar, sadarwar sadarwa, da kuma multimedia gabaɗaya. Wannan yana ba masu haɓakawa damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen da ke cin gajiyar kayan aikin kwamfuta, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen gani da ingancin sauti, da sauri, aiki mai santsi.
A takaice dai, wani abu ne da Microsoft ke kirkira don masu haɓakawa don gina masarrafar su don aiki akan tsarin aiki wanda Bill Gates ya shahara a ce a farkon shekarun 90, kodayake Windows 1.0 an sake shi a 1985. A wasu lokuta ana buƙata kuma a sanya shi tare da wasu game. ko kuma kusa da shirin gyaran bidiyo da makamantansu, wannan ita ce tambayar. Wannan za mu iya tunanin cewa ba za mu iya ba gudanar da shirin a Ubuntu saboda a cikin bukatunsa yana neman DirectX, amma ba haka ba.
Ina bukatan shigar da DirectX 11?
Masu amfani da Linux sun fahimci abin da a dogaro: Akwai babbar manhajar kwamfuta da sauran kanana wadanda suka zama dole domin babbar manhajar ta yi aiki, wadanda aka dogara da ita, don haka sunansu. Kodayake ana iya shigar da DirectX da sabunta su azaman cikakkiyar software akan Windows, galibi ana haɗa shi da wasanni da duk wani shirye-shiryen da ke buƙatar sa, kamar dogaro da Linux. Misali shi ne FFmpeg: idan ba mu sanya shi ba kuma za mu shigar da software da ke buƙatar ta, Ubuntu zai shigar da shi. Amma kuma za mu iya shigar da shi da hannu don yin komai da shi daga tashar tashoshi (misali 1, misali 2).
Abu mafi mahimmanci anan shine iya gudanar da wani takamaiman shiri, tun da DirectX da kanta ba ta da amfani, kamar .NET Framework. Wannan shirin zai kasance wanda ke buƙatar DirectX 11 ko wani nau'in, kuma dole ne mu mai da hankali kan babban shirin.
Zaɓuɓɓuka don gudanar da shirye-shiryen da suka dogara da DirextX 11 ±
Wine
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka, idan ba mafi kyau ba, shine amfani da WINE. Lokacin da kuke buƙatar takamaiman wani abu, kamar DirectX 11 ±, zai sauke shi don a iya aiwatar da shirin. Haka idan ya dogara da NET, amma a wannan yanayin zan sauke Mono.
Idan muna son amfani da zaɓin WINE, dole ne mu yi masu zuwa:
- Mun buɗe tashar kuma rubuta:
sudo dace sabunta && sudo dace haɓakawa && sudo dace shigar giya
- Muna gudanar da mai saka shirin da muke son shigar kuma ya dogara da DirectX. Idan muna da WINE, yakamata a buɗe da shi. Idan muka ga wani baƙon abu, koyaushe za mu iya danna dama kuma mu zaɓi "Buɗe da WINE" ko wani saƙo makamancin haka.
- Muna bin umarnin da ke bayyana akan allon. WINE ya kamata ya kula da zazzage duk abin da ya dace don shirin ya yi aiki, gami da DirectX ko madadin software (kamar na karshen, kamar yadda za mu yi bayani nan gaba), amma kuma zai ba da damar shirin ya gudana.
OpenGL, Vulkan da Proton azaman madadin DirectX 11
Akwai madadin DirectX, kamar OpenGL ko Vulcan, kuma waɗannan sun dace da Ubuntu. Idan abin da muke nema shi ne kawai don amfani da shirin da ya jera DirectX 11 a cikin mafi ƙarancin buƙatunsa, abin da za mu yi shi ne batun da ya gabata: amince da WINE kuma a bar shi ya zama mai kula da zazzage abubuwan da suka dace, wanda daga ciki zai kasance. zama OpenGL ko Vulkan. A wasu lokuta yana iya zama dole proton, wani abu da Valve kuma yana amfani da shi akan Steam ɗin sa don haɓaka daidaituwar wasannin kuma yawancin su kuma ana iya aiki da su akan Linux.
Waɗannan za su zama matakan da za a bi don shigar da kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka uku:
OpenGL
An shigar da OpenGL ta tsohuwa a cikin Ubuntu, don haka ba sai ka shigar da shi da hannu ba. Ee, yana iya zama dole don shigar da direbobi don katin zanenmu, kamar NVIDIA, wanda dole ne ku je Software da Sabuntawa / Ƙarin direbobi kuma shigar da na mallakar, idan zaɓin ya bayyana. Hakanan za'a iya shigar dashi daga tashar ta hanyar bugawa sudo dace shigar da nvidia-driver-XXX, inda XXX zai zama lambar sigar, kamar 460.
aman wuta
Don shigar da Vulkan, buɗe tashoshi kuma rubuta mai zuwa don ƙara ma'ajin sa na hukuma:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa: graphics-direbobi / ppa
Daga baya, muna sabunta jerin fakiti tare da sudo apt sabuntawa, wanda za mu riga mun sami Vulkan don shigar da shi. Kafin mu shigar da direbobi masu mallakar kati na mu, kamar yadda muka yi bayani a baya. A ƙarshe, mun shigar da Vulkan:
sudo apt-samun shigar vulkan-sdk
proton
Proton kayan aiki ne wanda Valve ya ƙera don gudanar da wasannin Windows akan Linux ta hanyar Steam. Don shigar da Proton akan Ubuntu, bi waɗannan matakan:
- Idan ba mu shigar da shi ba, mun shigar da Steam. Kodayake kunshin Snap shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, bai kamata ku watsar da sigar DEB ba kuma ku ajiye shi a cikin ɗakin, kawai don abin da zai iya faruwa.
- Muna zuwa shafin "Steam Play" kuma duba akwatin " Kunna Steam Play don duk lakabi ".
- A cikin "Steam Play Compatibility Version" jerin zaɓuka za mu zaɓi sigar Proton na baya-bayan nan.
- Muna karba da adana canje-canje.
Da wannan za mu iya kunna taken Windows akan Linux, haka kuma, saboda Steam yana ba da fiye da wasanni kawai, sauran software waɗanda ke buƙatar DirectX 11 ko baya.
Ba za ku iya shigar da wannan software na Microsoft akan Ubuntu ba, amma, kamar yadda yake da wasu da yawa, akwai madadin.