Zambiri zosangalatsa za Ubuntu zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Kuno ku Ubunlog nthawi zambiri timakambirana za Linux, koma makamaka za makina opangira Ubuntu, kukoma kwake kovomerezeka ndi zina zomwe zimazikidwa. Ambiri aife timadziwa kuti idapangidwa ndi Canonical, koma kodi mawu omwe amapatsa dongosololi dzina lake amachokera kuti? Kodi ndi mawu opangidwa ngati ena ambiri mumapulogalamu ambiri? Kodi ili ndi tanthauzo mchilankhulo chilichonse? Sindikuganiza kuti ndingakusokonezeni ndikanena kuti inde, ndi mawu akale kwambiri achi Africa.

Mbali inayi, mudayamba mwadzifunsapo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanga logo yawo? Sizofanana ndendende ndi yomwe Neofetch adawonetsa, koma imapangidwa ndi ma curve atatu okhala ndi mpira pakatikati. Monga muphunzirira mtsogolo, magawo atatuwa ndi anthu ndipo m'nkhaniyi tikukuwuzani mfundo 10 zosangalatsa kwambiri za Ubuntu ndi zonse zomwe zikuwazungulira, pomwe tili ndi Canonical ndi CEO wake a Mark Shuttleworth.

Kodi Ubuntu amaimira chiyani ndipo logo yake imayimira chiyani?

Kwa anthu ambiri padziko lapansi, Ubuntu ndi dzina la njira yogwiritsira ntchito kapena palibe, mawu omwe sakudziwa. Koma kwa aku Africa, kapena kwa ena a iwo, ndi mawu. Sizi za aliyense chifukwa ndi mawu akale omwe amalankhula nzeru, amene tanthauzo lake ndi "umunthu kwa ena" kapena "malingaliro opindulitsa tonsefe omwe timachitira anthu zabwino." Ndicho chinthu chomwe opaleshoni yotchuka ikufuna kukwaniritsa.

Komanso, tili ndi logo. Monga mukuwonera pachithunzithunzi cham'mbuyomu, iwo ali anthu atatu omwe amathandizana ndikupanga gulu akugwirana manja. Kuyang'ana chithunzichi, ndipo ichi ndi chithunzi chaumwini, mawu oti "umodzi" amakumbukiranso ndipo kodi mukukumbukira dzina lachi Canonical lomwe limapereka malo owonetsera momwe adakhalira (ndikusiya)?

Kukula kwa Ubuntu

Kugawa kulikonse kuli ndi yake chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, a Debian amatulutsa mitundu yatsopano chaka chilichonse kapena ziwiri, kutengera nthawi yomwe ali ndi zonse zokonzeka kugwira bwino ntchito. Ena monga Arch Linux amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsogola yotchedwa Rolling Release momwe amafalitsa nkhani zonse ali okonzeka, koma osakhazikitsa njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito (amatulutsa ma ISO pamakina atsopano).

Kumbali inayi, Ubuntu imatulutsa mtundu wake wamagetsi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, mu magawo atatu amwezi wa Epulo ndi Disembala. Dzinali ndilo la opareting'i sisitimu ndipo manambala awiri olekanitsidwa ndi nthawi ngati XY: X ndi chaka ndipo Y ndi mwezi, wokhala ndi njira ziwiri zokha za Y (04 ndi 10) komanso zopanda malire za X, ngakhale pamakhala ma X awiri pachaka. Mwachitsanzo, Ubuntu 20.04 yangotulutsidwa kumene yomwe ndi mtundu wa OS wa Epulo (04) 2020 (20).

Ma codenames a Ubuntu

Momwemonso momwe muliri njira zowerengera machitidwe, palinso malamulo pakusankha codename. Kuyambira pomwe idatulutsidwa koyamba mu Okutobala 2004, codename imagwiritsa ntchito chiganizo ndi dzina la nyama lomwe maina awo oyamba amafanana, monga Focal Fossa mu Epulo 2020 kapena Groovy Gorilla yomwe idzatulutsidwe mu Okutobala 2020. Ndi chikhalidwe kuti akhala akutsatira mosamalitsa kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo mayina ndi manambala amtunduwu akhala motere (wiki):

Zotsatira	Animal	Mtundu
Wochenjera	Wartog	4.10
Hoary	Hedgehog	5.04
Zosangalatsa	Badger	5.10
Dapper	Drake	6.06 LTS
Zamgululi	Kutali	6.10
Ndikulimbikitsa	Fawn	7.04
Mantha	Mzinda wa Gibbon	7.10
Hardy	Heron	8.04 LTS
Olimba mtima	ibex	8.10
jaunty	jackalope	9.04
karmic	Koala	9.10
Lucid	amphaka	10.04 LTS
Maverick	merkat	10.10
Natty	Narwhal	11.04
oneric	Ocelot	11.10
Zolondola	pangolin	12.04 LTS
Zambiri	quetzal	12.10
Kufuna	Zojambula	13.04
saucy	Salamander	13.10
Kudalirika	Zovuta	14.04 LTS
Wokonda	Unicorn	14.10
omveka	Vervet	15.04
Wily	Waswolf	15.10
Xenial	xerus	16.04 LTS
yakkety	Yak	16.10
Zesty	Zapus	17.04
Zaluso	advark	17.10
Bionic	Beaver	18.04 LTS
Cosmic	Nsomba zam'madzi	18.10
litayamba	Dingo	19.04
Eoan	Ermine	19.10
Zovuta	Fossa	20.04 LTS
Groovy	chiyendayekha	20.10
"HAdjective"	"Zachilengedwe"	21.04

Canonical anali asanaganize koyambirira kuti mayina amakhodi azikhala motere ndikutsata malembedwe, koma pamapeto pake zidakhala zachilendo.

Ubuntu ali ndi zokoma za 7 ...

Koma anali nazo ndipo adzakhala nazo zambiri. Pakadali pano, kukoma kwabwino kapena kwakukulu kumatsagana ndi Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Budgie ndi Ubuntu Kylin, okhala ndi Plasma, Xfce, LXQt, MATE, Xfce (Plasma wa 20.10), Budgie ndi UKUI. Mpaka posachedwa, mtundu wa Ubuntu GNOME unali kupezeka, koma unatha pomwe Canonical idaganiza zobwerera ku GNOME atachoka ku Unity. M'tsogolomu, atha kulowa nawo banja la Ubuntu Cinnamon, UbuntuDDE, Ubuntu Lumina ndi Ubuntu Unity, mapulojekiti omwe akuyamba kuchita pakadali pano.

Umodzi, malo ovomerezeka

Ubuntu Unity ikutenga njira zake zoyambirira pompano, pomwe atulutsa mtundu wawo woyamba wokhazikika. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zojambula zopangidwa ndi Canonical koyambirira kwa zaka khumi, zomwe zidalonjeza mgwirizano pakati pazida zomwe sizinachitike. Popita nthawi, adasiya zojambula, koma ena adapitilizabe ndikukula kwake.

Umodzi unasintha kwambiri chithunzi cha Ubuntu. M'malo mokhala ndi mipiringidzo yakumtunda ndi yotsikirapo monga kale, idapitiliza kukhala ndi yapamwamba ndi zidziwitso, monga yomwe imaperekedwa ndi tray ya system, ndi doko kumanzere kuti, chabwino, ambiri a ife sitimakumbukira bwino kwambiri. Makompyuta ocheperako adavutika, ndichifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amadandaula. Pachifukwa ichi, Ubuntu MATE adabadwa, chomwe ndi chinthu choyandikira kwambiri ku Ubuntu wapachiyambi.

Mu 2017, ovomerezeka anasiya Umodzi kuti mubwerere ku mtundu wina wamakono wa GNOME 3.

Ubuntu Touch kapena Mobile

Atangokhazikitsa Umodzi, Canonical adatiuzanso za mgwirizano wotchuka womwe unalephera kuchitika. Koma sizinali chifukwa iwo sanayese. Kampaniyo idayamba kupanga mafoni ndi mtundu wokhudza ya kachitidwe kake kamagwiritsiranso ntchito, zomwe adazisiyanso kuti aziyang'ana pa desktop.

UBports adaganiza zolanda kachidindo ndipo mtundu wa mobile wa Ubuntu ukupitilira, koma sutchedwanso Unity 8 monga zikuyembekezeredwa, koma lomiri. Pakadali pano, Lomiri imagwirizana ndi malo ena monga PinePhone kapena Librem 5.

Zoyenera: kampani yabizinesi ndi mota

Kugawa kwamtundu wa Linux kumapangidwa ndikusamalidwa ndi odzipereka komanso ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe amapereka zopereka, koma sizili choncho ndi Ubuntu. Poterepa pali kampani yachinsinsi kumbuyo kwake, ndipo dzina lake ndi Zamakono.

Ndi a Canonical omwe amayang'anira kuwonetsetsa kuti padzakhala kukhazikitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikutipatsa zonse zigamba zachitetezo ndizofunikira kuti Ubuntu ukhalebe wodalirika komanso wotetezeka.

Mark Shuttlework, CEO ndi Mutu wa Chilichonse

Ubongo wa zonsezi ndi Mark Shuttleworth, wabizinesi waku South Africa yemwe adayambitsa Canonical Ltd. akadali CEO wawo lero. Shuttleworth amathandizira kampani yake, amathandizira pakukula, ndikusungabe Ubuntu ndi ntchito zina zotseguka. Izi zisanachitike, Mark anali woyang'anira Apache pa Debian ndipo ichi chinali gawo lazomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apange Ubuntu: zomwe zimapangitsa Debian kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ndikufikira anthu ambiri.

Shuttleworth anali woyamba ku Africa mlengalenga

Kuphatikiza pa chilichonse chokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu, Shuttleworth amakonda kusaka dziko lapansi ... ndi zomwe zikupitilira. Pachifukwa ichi, mu 2002 adatsiriza kupita mlengalenga, ndikukhala woyamba ku Africa kuchoka padziko lapansi ndipo chachiwiri kuchita ngati alendo kuti azilipira yekha ulendowu. Kubwerera ku International Space Station, adakhala masiku asanu ndi atatu akuchita nawo zoyeserera zokhudzana ndi Edzi komanso kafukufuku wama genome.

Ubuntu ndi ntchito yake yakale yotumizira

Pachiyambi chake, Ubuntu sinagwire ntchito monga momwe ikugwirira ntchito tsopano. Iyenera kuwotchedwa ndi CD kuti ikhazikitse makina opangira. Pachifukwa ichi, Canonical idapereka service momwe anatitumizira CD yoyikira, ndipo zonsezi kwaulere. Ntchitoyi inkatchedwa ShipIt ndipo ndinalingalira kuti ndiziitanitsa CD yanga. Sindinatero, mwina kuti ndisadandaule, ndipo tsopano ndikudandaula.