Apache web server, kukhazikitsa Ubuntu 20.04

Munkhani yotsatira tiona momwe tingachitire ikani seva ya Apache pa Ubuntu 20.04. Seva ya HTTP Apache ndi seva yapaintaneti yomwe imapereka ntchito zambiri zamphamvu. Izi zikuphatikiza kukweza ma module mwamphamvu, chithandizo champhamvu pazama media, ndikuphatikiza kwakukulu ndi mapulogalamu ena otchuka.

Tisanayambe kukhazikitsa, tiyenera kukhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse okhala ndi mwayi wachikondi womwe udakonzedwa pa kompyuta. Zowonjezera, Tiyenera kuloleza a makhoma oteteza kuletsa madoko osafunikira. Tikakhala ndi zonsezi, titha lowani monga wosagwiritsa ntchito mizu kuti ayambe.

Sakani Apache

Apache ali likupezeka m'malo osungira mapulogalamu a Ubuntu. Pachifukwa ichi tiyamba kukonzanso ndondomeko ya mapaketi kuti tikhale ndi zosintha zaposachedwa:

sudo apt update

Tsopano titha kukhazikitsa phukusi la apache2:

sudo apt install apache2

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa tingathe fufuzani mtundu wa Apache womwe timayika kulemba mu terminal yomweyo:

sudo apache2ctl -v

Makonda a Firewall

Musanayese Apache, muyenera sinthani zosintha zozimitsira moto kuti zizilola kufikira kwina kumadoko osakira. Tidzachita izi poganiza kuti takonza fayilo ya firewall ngati UFW kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kufikira kwa seva.

Pakukhazikitsa, Apache amalembetsa ndi UFW ndipo amapereka zina Mbiri za ntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kapena kuletsa kufikira kwa Apache kudzera pa firewall.

Tidzatha lembani mbirizi kulemba:

sudo ufw app list

Monga momwe zotsatira zikuwonetsera, pali mbiri zitatu za Apache:

• Apache → Mbiriyi doko lotseguka 80 lokha (magalimoto osasungidwa mwachinsinsi)
• Apache Wathunthu → Tsegulani zonse doko 80 (magalimoto osasungidwa mwachinsinsi) monga doko 443 (Magulu obisika a TLS / SSL)
• Apache Otetezeka → Mbiriyi doko lotseguka 443 lokha (Magulu obisika a TLS / SSL)

Pachitsanzo ichi, popeza sitinakonze SSL, tingolola magalimoto pamadoko 80:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Titha onetsetsani kusintha kulemba:

sudo ufw status

Chongani seva ya intaneti

Pamapeto pake, Ubuntu 20.04 imayamba Apache, motero seva yawebusayiti iyenera kuti idayamba kale kugwira ntchito. Titha kutsimikizira izi polemba:

sudo systemctl status apache2

Lamulo ili pamwambali liyenera kuwonetsa kuti ntchito yayamba bwino. Komabe, njira yabwino yoyesera izi ndikupempha tsamba kuchokera ku Apache. Titha kuyipeza kudzera pa adilesi ya IP kuti titsimikizire kuti pulogalamuyo imagwira bwino ntchito. Ngati simukudziwa adilesi ya IP, itha kupezeka polemba mu terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T):

hostname -I

Lamulo ili idzatiwonetsa ma adilesi am'deralo olekanitsidwa ndi malo. Titha kuyesa aliyense patsamba lanu kuti muwone ngati akugwira ntchito. Izi ziyenera kutilola kuti tiwone tsamba losasintha la Ubuntu 20.04 Apache:

Tsambali limaphatikizaponso chidziwitso chofunikira pamafayilo ofunika a Apache ndi malo omwe amapezeka.

Sinthani Apache

Tsopano popeza tili ndi seva yapaintaneti yomwe ikuyenda, tiyeni tiwone malamulo ena oyambira a admin ndi systemctl.

Para siyani seva ya intaneti:

sudo systemctl stop apache2

Yambitsani seva ya intaneti itayimitsidwa:

sudo systemctl start apache2

Para imani ndikuyamba ntchito:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Ngati tikungosintha kusintha, Apache ikhoza kutsitsidwanso popanda kutaya kulumikizana kulemba:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Mwachinsinsi, Apache imakonzedwa kuti iziyamba ndi kompyuta. Titha kulepheretsa izi kulemba:

sudo systemctl disable apache2

Para yambitsaninso ntchitoyo kuti iyambe pa boot:

sudo systemctl enable apache2

Maofesi ndi Malangizo Ofunika a Apache

Zokhutira

• / var / www / html → Zikuphatikizapo zamakono. Izi zitha kusinthidwa m'mafayilo osintha a Apache.

Kukhazikitsa kwa seva

• / etc / apache2 → Zonse Mafayilo osintha a Apache khalani pano.
• /etc/apache2/apache2.conf → Ndi za Fayilo yayikulu yosintha ya Apache.
• /etc/apache2/ports.conf → Fayiloyi imafotokozera madoko omwe Apache azimvera.
• / etc / apache2 / masamba akupezeka / → Kalozera komwe makamu enieni amatha kusungidwa patsamba lililonse. Apache sangagwiritse ntchito mafayilo osinthira omwe amapezeka mukabuku kameneka pokhapokha atalumikizidwa ndi chikwatu chololedwa ndi tsambalo. Nthawi zambiri, zosintha zonse zotsekera pa seva zimachitika mgulu lino.
• / etc / apache2 / masamba-othandizira / → Kalozera komwe malo osungidwa ndi tsamba amasungidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndikulumikiza mafayilo osinthidwa omwe amapezeka pamndandanda wa masamba omwe alipo ndi a2ensite. Apache amawerenga mafayilo osinthira ndi maulalo m'ndandanda iyi ikayamba kapena kutsegulanso kuti akonze zonse.
• / etc / apache2 / conf-available /, / etc / apache2 / conf-enabled / → Maulalo awa ali ndi ubale wofanana ndi maulalo omwe amapezeka pamasamba ndi mawebusayiti omwe athandizidwa, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungitsa zidutswa zosintha zomwe sizili za eni ake.
• / etc / apache2 / mods-available /, / etc / apache2 / mods-enabled / → Zolemba izi muli ndi ma module omwe alipo komanso othandizira, motsatira.

Mitengo ya seva

• /var/log/apache2/access.log → Pempho lililonse ku seva ya intaneti lalowa mu fayilo iyi pokhapokha atanena kwina.
• /var/log/apache2/error.log → Mwachinsinsi, zolakwika zonse zasungidwa mufayiloyi.

Mungapezeke zambiri za seva iyi mu tsamba la projekiti.