Dziwani za hardware mu Ubuntu

Chimodzi mwamagawo omwe amabweretsa zovuta kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito Linux ambiri makamaka ndi Ubuntu, ndi kuzindikira kwa zida m'dongosolo pomwe sizinapezeke zokha. Monga momwe mungadziwire kale, kupezeka kwa zida zazida, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu Windows, kumachitika ndi kernel panthawi yoyambira, ndipo palinso mwayi wodziwa pambuyo pake zida zina zotentha -kulumikizidwa.

Bukuli laling'ono likufuna kukuwunikirani pang'ono pantchito zodziwika kuti muzindikire zida mu Ubuntu, komwe tikambirana pazinthu zofala kwambiri: CPU, kukumbukira ndi kusunga pakati pa ena.

Nthawi zambiri vuto Silimba m'mene ungayang'anire ngati sichoncho, popeza madalaivala azida zamakompyuta pamakina a Unix amasiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi momwe zimachitikira mu Windows (Windows kernel imadalira kwambiri madalaivala kuthandizira zida zosiyanasiyana, mukakhala pa Linux Ndi kernel yomwe imathandizira zida zambiri).

Popanda kuthekera kufikira mitundu yonse yazida ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zingakhalepo pakompyuta (popeza ikadakhala ntchito yayikulu), tikufuna kuwatenga waukulu kompyuta iliyonse yomwe ingakhale nayo komanso yomwe siziwoneka mosavuta mwa dongosolo. Izi zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizofunikira nthawi zambiri kuti pambuyo pake mupeze madalaivala oyenera ndikuwonjezera pa dongosolo.

Mndandanda wonse wazida zamagetsi

Mwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lotsatirali momwe tingathere pezani chidule cha zida zonse zomwe zapezeka mgulu lathu.

 $ sudo lshw 

Mudzawona bwanji mndandanda womwe uli amapanga ndi wokulirapo mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kutaya ku fayilo kapena kuti mupange ntchito yambiri kuti muiwerenge modekha.

Kuzindikira purosesa

Purosesa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakompyuta, limodzi ndi zida zokumbukira komanso zopangira ndi kutulutsa. Fayilo yamachitidwe ndi lamulo losavuta lingathe thandizani kuzindikira mtundu wa purosesa yemwe akudziwika m'dera lathu. Chigawochi chimathandizidwa mkati mwa kernel, kotero ngati pangakhale vuto chifukwa kuthekera konse kwa purosesa yathu sikunazindikiridwe, tifunikira kernel (kapena kugawa) komwe kumathandizira.

Fayilo yomwe ili mkati / proc / cpuinfo Idzatipatsa tsatanetsatane wokhudza kuzindikira kwa CPU yathu:

Ndipo kudzera mwa lamulolo lscpu, zomwe sizifunanso zosintha zina, titha kupeza zambiri kuchokera ku CPU mwaubwenzi:

Kuzindikira kukumbukira

Kukumbukira ndichinthu china chofunikira m'dongosolo lino. Kuwongolera bwino kwa iwo ngati mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito luso lake lonse kumawunikira magwiridwe antchito a magwiridwe antchito. Kuti mupeze ukadaulo wazofanana Tiyenera kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo onse pazinthu zamagetsi zomwe tawonetsa pachiyambi, kumbukirani, lshw.

Palinso malamulo angapo omwe amatilola kuti tipeze zambiri zakuchuluka kwa kukumbukira ndi dentin yake mkati mwa makina opangira, zomwe zingatipatse chidziwitso chokwanira kuti tidziwe ngati ma module omwe aikidwa pazida akupezeka kapena ayi. tsatanetsatane wa momwe ikudziwika mkati mwa malo opangira. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo apamwamba (kudziwa kuchuluka kwake ndi zomwe zasinthidwa), vmstat -SM -a (mwatsatanetsatane

Kuzindikira ma hard drive

Lamulo lotsatira lodziwika bwino kwa onse, fdisk, ife lembani zida zosungira zomwe zapezeka pakompyuta yathu.

 $ sudo fdisk -l

Koma bwanji ngati titangodula galimoto yatsopano ya SATA kapena SCSI ndipo dongosololi silikulizindikira? Ichi ndichinthu china zofala kwambiri ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ma plug otentha a SATA (onetsetsani kuti kusankha kwa kusinthana kotentha mu BIOS ya kompyuta kapena, apo ayi, imagwira ntchito ngati IDE disk ndipo muyenera kuyambitsanso kompyuta kuti makina azizindikira) kapena makina pafupifupi, komwe kuli kotheka kuwonjezera ma disks amtundu wa SCSI omwe sakudziwika mosavuta ndi kompyuta.

Ngati ndi choncho, muyenera kukakamiza wopulumutsayo. Kuti muchite izi, lembani lamulo ili:

 $ grep mpt /sys/class/scsi_host/host?/proc_name

Lamuloli libwezera mzere wamtunduwu: / sys / kalasi / scsi_host /wolandilaX/ proc_name: mptspi (pati wolandilaX ndiye gawo lomwe limatisangalatsa). Kenako, lembani lamulo lotsatirali kuti mukakamize wogwirizirayo:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan

Kuzindikira khadi yazithunzi

Ngati mukukumbukira kuti tidatchula koyambirira kwa nkhani kuti Linux kernel idapereka zida zina kwa madalaivala omwe amaikidwa pamakompyuta, makhadi azithunzi ndi amodzi mwazida zomwe cholowa chawo chidachokera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake lamulo lomwe lingatithandize pankhaniyi ndi ili:

lspci | grep VGA

Ndipo itipatsa zomwe woyang'anira akugwiritsa ntchito mu timu.

Ndi mfundoyi ndi funso lotsimikizira ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito dalaivala woyenera m'dongosolo lathu kapena ngati tigwiritse ntchito ina kapena yosinthika.

Kuzindikira zida za USB

Pankhaniyi tili lamulo linalake mitundu iyi yazida:

lsusb

Zotsatira zanu zidzatipatsa zambiri zamalumikizidwe a USB motere:

Kuti tiyambitsenso zida za USB, titha kukhazikitsa cronjob ndi lamulo lotsatirali kuti lisinthe mawonekedwe azida mphindi iliyonse:

* * * * *    lsusb -v 2>&1 1>/dev/null

 

Tikukhulupirira kuti bukhuli likhala lothandiza kwa inu pazida zanu zambiri. Inde pali malamulo ambiri mu linux ndi mapulogalamu kutsitsa kuti mumve zambiri.

Kodi mwapezapo lamulo lina lililonse lofunikira pantchito yanu ndi dongosolo la Ubuntu kuti mupeze zida zamagetsi?