Panali nthawi, yomwe ndithudi ambiri sangakumbukire chifukwa cha unyamata wawo, momwe Msakatuli wa Mosaic ndiofala makampani asakatuli, monga Chrome, Firefox kapena Edge amachitira tsopano. Ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu omwe ali kale m'mbiri ya makompyuta, ndipo imeneyo ndi nthano yomwe ilipobe kwa ena omwe adagwiritsa ntchito masiku ake.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za msakatuliyu? Ndipo chatsala chiyani kwa iye lero? Ndi izi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa, popeza ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nkhaniyi.
En mzaka za m'ma 80 adayambitsa malingaliro okhudza mapulogalamu omwe angatengedwe ngati akalambulabwalo amasiku ano. Ena adangogwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kudumpha ma hypertext, koma zonse ndizosamveka komanso zotengera zolemba, monga HyperBBS ndi HyperLan, pakati pa ena. Zosavuta monga momwe zinalili, ayamba kale kuyika maziko a osatsegula monga momwe timawadziwira lero.
En 1987 Neil Larson, ndipanga TransText, purosesa ya hypertext, msakatuli wakale kwambiri, koma ingakhale mbewu yazomwe zilipo. Zinakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro a Maxthing a Neil Larson, ndipo pambuyo pake, mapulogalamu ena ofanana ndi opitilira patsogolo adatulutsidwa.
El msakatuli woyamba wa WWW (World Wide Web) idapangidwa mu 1990 ndi Tim Berners-Lee pa malo ogwirira ntchito a NEXT Computer ndipo adadziwitsidwa kwa anzawo ku CERN mu Marichi 1991. Lee adalembanso wophunzira wachinyamata dzina lake Nicola Pellow waku CERN yemwe anali wophunzira, ndipo adalemba Browser Line Mode, a. cross-platform web browser.
Kenako panabwera asakatuli ena ngati MidasWWW, omwe amakulolani kuti muwone mafayilo a PostScript pa intaneti, komanso kukakamiza PS. Msakatuli wina wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa ViolaWWW adzawonekeranso, pamodzi ndi Lynx, imodzi yokha mwama projekitiwa yomwe ilipobe mpaka pano ndi kuti ili ndi chilolezo pansi pa GNU GPL.
Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti ma projekiti onsewa adawonetsa zambiri pa terminal. Mu 1992, wophunzira ku yunivesite ya Helsinki adzalenga msakatuli woyamba wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito, adatchedwa Erwise, ndipo kunali kusintha kwakukulu, ngakhale kuti kuyimitsidwa mu 1994 ...
Msakatuli wa Mose: mbiri
NCSA idapanga msakatuli wa Mose, imodzi mwa asakatuli oyambirira amakono. Inali yotchuka kwambiri pa WWW, ndipo idayamba kulamulira masiku ake. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe azithunzi, idayambanso kukhazikitsa ntchito zina zapamwamba zophatikizira zojambula ndi ma multimedia kuphatikiza zolemba. Kuphatikiza apo, idayambanso kuthandizira ma protocol ena apaintaneti.
Su mawonekedwe mwachilengedwe, kudalirika, ndi chithandizo posakhalitsa idakhala yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo ambiri (kutengera zomwe zidachitika ndi Erwise) amawona ngati msakatuli woyamba wazithunzi, komanso woyamba kuwonetsa zithunzi zamkati ndi zolemba pawindo lomwelo.
En 1993 mtundu woyamba wa Mosaic unatulutsidwa, ngakhale kuti chitukuko chake chidzayamba mu 1992. Chitukukocho chinalamulidwa ndi NCSA (National Center of Supercumputing Applications). Tsoka ilo, mu 1995, osatsegulayo adataya korona wake, kupereka gawo la msika kuzinthu zina zomwe zinkayenda bwino panthawiyo, monga Netscape Navigator yotchuka.
Mu 1997 ntchitoyo idasokonezedwa, kupereka chilolezo kwa Spyglass Inc, ndipo pambuyo pake idatero Microsoft amene adalandira layisensi a Mose kuti apange Internet Explorer. Kuphatikiza apo, Mosaic Communications Corporation, kampani yomwe idatuluka pachitukukochi, idzakhala Netscape.
Msakatuli wa Mose adawonekera madoko a nsanja zingapo, pakati pawo panali UNIX ndi zotumphukira, komanso Microsoft Windows ndi Macintosh, kapena nsanja monga Commodore Amiga, pakati pa ena.
Anali wolowa m'malo mwake. Nestcape Navigator, yemwe adatha kubisa kutchuka kwa Mose, ndipo potsirizira pake ndikupereka njira kwa asakatuli ena atsopano omwe tikuwadziwa lero. M'malo mwake, mu 1995 idakhala ndi 53% ya msika, popeza idakwanitsa kulowa mkati mwa anthu ambiri ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofikirika kwa onse.
Mose ali pafupi zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa intaneti m'zaka za m'ma 90, ndipo sizikanangopereka njira kwa Nestcape, komanso Mozilla Firefox, popeza code ya mbadwa ya Netscape Navigator inali maziko a polojekiti ina yomwe ambiri a ife timagwiritsa ntchito lero.
Pakalipano, Mose sanafe, pali mapulojekiti ena omwe akupitilizabe kukhalabe ndi moyo, komanso ku Linux monga mukuwonera mu gawo lotsatira ...
Momwe mungakhalire Mosaic pa Ubuntu
Pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu kuchokera pamene Mose adatulutsidwa, ntchitoyi idakali pamakompyuta ena, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yanu posachedwa. ndizotheka khazikitsani msakatuli uwu pa Ubuntu m'njira yosavuta, popeza pali ma phukusi a Snap.
Kuyiyika ndikosavuta pa Ubuntu ndi ma GNU / Linux distros omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha Snapd. Zikatero, muyenera kupita ku terminal ndi lembani lamulo lotsatirali:
sudo snap install mosaic
Ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa, mudzakhala ndi Mosaic pa distro yanu ndipo mwakonzeka kuyesa. Yang'anani chizindikiro cha msakatuli pakati pa mapulogalamu anu, kapena poyambitsa. Mutha kuyiyambitsanso kuchokera ku terminal pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo zojambulajambula.
Khalani oyamba kuyankha