Ziva Hardware muUbuntu

Chimwe chezvikamu chinokonzera matambudziko mazhinji kune vashandisi vatsva veLinux mune zvese uye Ubuntu kunyanya, ndiyo kucherechedzwa kwemidziyo muhurongwa kana isati yaonekwa otomatiki. Sezvo iwe ungatoziva kare, kuwanikwa kweiyo Hardware yemidziyo, zvinopesana nezvinoitika muWindows masystem, kunoitwa nekernel panguva yekutanga system, uye zvakare kune mukana wekuzoziva mamwe madhiraini ari kupisa -kubatanidzwa.

Iri diki dhairekitori rinovavarira kukujekesa iwe zvishoma mune zvakajairika mabasa ekuziva Hardware muUbuntu, kupi isu tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakajairika: CPU, ndangariro uye kuchengetedza pakati pevamwe.

Pane dzakawanda nguva dambudziko Izvo hazvirarame munzira yekutarisa kana zvisiri izvo, sezvo vatyairi vezvinhu zvemakomputa mumasisitimu eUnix zvinosiyana zvishoma nezvinoitwa munzvimbo dzeWindows (iyo Windows kernel inotsamira zvakanyanya pane vatyairi kutsigira akasiyana masisitimu ehurongwa, uchiri paLinux ndiyo kernel inotsigira mazhinji emidziyo).

Pasina kukwanisa kusvika kune ese marudzi emidziyo uye zvemidziyo yezvinhu zvinogona kunge zviripo mukombuta (sezvo iro ringave riri basa rakakura), tinoda kuunganidza iwo chikuru iyo chero komputa inogona kuve nayo uye isingangoonekwe nehurongwa. Aya matanho anogona kutorwa seakakosha mune dzakawanda zviitiko kuitira kuti gare gare uwane anodikanwa madhiraivha uye ovawedzera iwo kuhurongwa.

General runyorwa rwezvigadzirwa zvemidziyo

Muzhinji, kushandisa unotevera kuraira isu tinogona tora mhedziso yezvose zvakawanikwa Hardware muchikwata chedu.

 $ sudo lshw 

Iwe uchaona sei iyo rondedzero iri inogadzira yakakura kwazvo uye zvakadzama, saka zviri nyore kuti uzvirasire kune faira kana kubatanidza rimwe basa kuti uriverenge zvakadzikama.

Kuziva processor

Iyo processor ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvecomputer, pamwe neyekuyeuchidza uye yekuisa uye yekubuda zvishandiso. Iyo system faira uye yakapusa kuraira inogona batsira kuziva kuti nderudzii rweprosesa rwuri kuzivikanwa munharaunda yedu. Ichi chikamu chinotsigirwa mukati mekernel, saka kana paine dambudziko nekuti kugona kwese kweprosesa kwedu hakuzivikanwe, isu tinoda kernel (kana kugovera) inoitsigira.

Iyo faira iri mukati / proc / cpuinfo Izvo zvichatipa zvakadzama ruzivo nezve kuzivikanwa kweedu CPU:

Uye kuburikidza nemurairo lscpu, iyo isingade imwe modifera, tinogona kuwana dhata kubva kuCUU nenzira ine hushamwari:

Kuziva ndangariro

Chiyeuchidzo chinoumba chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukati mechirongwa. Yakanaka manejimendi yaro sesarudzo yekutora mukana kune kwese kugona kwayo inoona mashandiro akanaka eiyo sisitimu yekushanda uye kuita kwakanyanya. Kuti uwane data rehunyanzvi rakafanana isu tinofanirwa kuenda kune yakajairwa rairo pane system Hardware izvo zvatakaratidza pakutanga, rangarira, lshw.

Kune zvekare imwe nhevedzano yemirairo inotibvumidza isu kuwana ruzivo rwehuwandu pamusoro pehuwandu hweyeuchidzo uye dentin yayo mukati meiyo inoshanda sisitimu, iyo inogona kutipa ruzivo rwakaringana kuona kana ma module akaiswa mumidziyo ari kunyatsoonekwa kana kwete. ruzivo rwekuti rwuri kuzivikanwa sei mukati mekushandisa nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, iyo yepamusoro mirairo (kuona huwandu hwese uye izvo zvakatsinhaniswa), vmstat -SM -a (kune rumwe ruzivo pa

Kuziva dhiraivha dzakaomarara

Iwo unotevera kuraira unozivikanwa kune vese, fdisk, isu nyora zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvakawanikwa pakombuta yedu.

 $ sudo fdisk -l

Asi ko kana isu tikangobaya mune itsva SATA kana SCSI drive uye iyo system isingazvione? Ichi chinhu zvakajairika kana iwe ukashandisa inopisa plug plug SATA dhiraivha (chengetedza kuti sarudzo ye kupisa kupisa muBIOS yekombuta kana, zvikasadaro, inoshanda seyakajairwa IDE dhisiki uye uchafanirwa kutangidza komputa kuti iyo system izvione iyo) kana michina chaiyo, uko zvinokwanisika kuwedzera SCSI yerudzi rwema disks ayo asingangoonekwe nekombuta

Kana iyi iri nyaya yako, uchafanirwa kumanikidza kununurwa kwemutongi. Kuti uite izvi, pinda unotevera kuraira:

 $ grep mpt /sys/class/scsi_host/host?/proc_name

Uyu murairo unodzosa tambo yerudzi: / sys / kirasi / scsi_host /hostX/ proc_name: mptspi (kupi hostX ndiwo munda unotifarira). Tevere, isa unotevera kuraira kumanikidza iyo rescan:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan

Kuziva iyo kadhi yemifananidzo

Kana iwe uchirangarira kuti isu takataura pakutanga kwechinyorwa icho iyo Linux kernel yakapa manejimendi ezvimwe zvishandiso kune akaiswa madhiraivha emakomputa, kesi yemifananidzo yemakadhi ndeimwe yeaya madhizaina ayo manejimendi akagarwa nhaka. Ndokusaka iwo murairo uyo unotibatsira mune ino kesi uri:

lspci | grep VGA

Uye ichatipa controller ruzivo iyo system irikushandisa muchikwata.

Neruzivo urwu, inyaya yekutarisa kana tiri kushandisa chaiyo mutyairi mukati medesisitimu yedu kana tichifanira kushandisa imwe yakanyanya kunanga kana shanduka imwe.

Kuziva michina ye USB

Mune ino kesi isu tine rairo chaiyo yemhando idzi dzemidziyo:

lsusb

Zvabuda zvako zvinotipa ruzivo nezve zvakabatanidzwa USB zvishandiso seinotevera:

Kuti titangezve zvishandiso zveUSB, tinogona kuronga cronjob nemirairo inotevera kuitira kuti igadzirise chimiro chemidziyo miniti yega yega:

* * * * *    lsusb -v 2>&1 1>/dev/null

Isu tinovimba kuti uyu mudiki dhairekitori achave ekushandisa kwauri kune mazhinji ako system system zvishandiso. Zvirokwazvo kune mimwe mirairo yakawanda mu linux nemaapplication kurodha pasi kune rumwe ruzivo.

Wati wawana chero mumwe murairo unobatsira mune rako basa neiyo Ubuntu system kuti uone Hardware?