Iya kubani Ubunlog Sihlala sithetha ngeLinux, kodwa ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo yokusebenza Ubuntu, iincasa zayo ezisemthethweni kunye nezinye ezisekwe kuyo. Uninzi lwethu luyazi ukuba luphuhliswe yi-Canonical, kodwa livelaphi igama elinika inkqubo igama layo? Ngaba lilizwi elenziwe njengabanye abaninzi kwisoftware eninzi? Ngaba inentsingiselo kulo naluphi na ulwimi? Andiqondi ukuba ndiza kukumosha ukuba ndithi ewe, ligama elidala kakhulu laseAfrika.
Kwelinye icala, ukhe wazibuza ukuba basebenzise ntoni ukwenza uphawu lwabo? Ayifani ncam nale iboniswe yiNeofetch, kodwa yenziwe ngamanqwanqwa amathathu anebhola embindini ngamnye. Njengoko uza kufunda kamva, la malungu mathathu ngabantu kwaye kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela iinyani ezili-10 ezinomdla kakhulu malunga noBuntu nayo yonke into ejikelezileyo, phakathi kwayo sineCanonical kunye ne-CEO yayo uMark Shuttleworth.
Yintoni emele Ubuntu kwaye ilogo yayo imele ntoni?
Uninzi lwabemi beplanethi, Ubuntu ligama lenkqubo yokusebenza okanye akukho nto, igama abalaziyo. Kodwa kubantu baseAfrika, okanye abanye babo, ligama. Ayenzelwe wonke umntu kuba ligama elidala elithetha ngalo ifilosofi, ogama lakhe "ubuntu kwabanye" okanye "ingqiqo yenzuzo kuthi sonke esiphatha abantu kakuhle." Yinto leyo inkqubo ethandwayo yokusebenza efuna ukufezekisa.
Ngaphezu koko, sine logo. Njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongaphambili, kunjalo abantu abathathu abaxhasanayo kwaye babumba uluntu bebambene ngengalo. Ukujonga umfanekiso, kwaye oku kuyimbonakalo yobuqu, igama "umanyano" liza engqondweni kwaye uyakhumbula ukuba leliphi igama leCanonical elinike imeko yemizobo ephucukileyo (kwaye yayishiya)?
Umjikelo wophuhliso Ubuntu
Ulwabiwo ngalunye lunezalo Umjikelo wophuhliso. Umzekelo, iDebian ikhupha iinguqulelo zayo ezintsha rhoqo ngonyaka okanye ezimbini, kuxhomekeke ekubeni banayo yonke into ekulungele ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Abanye abanjengoArch Linux basebenzisa imodeli yophuhliso eyaziwa ngokuba yiRolling Release apho bekhupha zonke iindaba xa sele belungile, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqalisa inkqubo entsha yokusebenza (bayazikhupha ii-ISO zofakelo olutsha).
Kwelinye icala, Ubuntu ikhupha ingxelo entsha yenkqubo yokusebenza rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwisithathu kwisithathu seenyanga zika-Epreli nangoDisemba. Igama lelo lenkqubo yokusebenza kunye amanani amabini ahlukaniswe lixesha njengo-XY: X ngunyaka kwaye Y yinyanga, inezinto ezimbini onokukhetha kuzo ngu-Y (04 no-10) kwaye awunasiphelo se-X, nangona zimbini ii-Xs ngonyaka. Umzekelo, Ubuntu 20.04 usandula ukukhutshwa, engu-Epreli (04) 2020 (20) OS version.
Iikhowudi zamagama Ubuntu
Kanye njengokuba kukho indlela yokubala iinkqubo ezisebenzayo, kukwakho nemigaqo yokukhetha igama lekhowudi. Ukusukela ukukhutshwa kwayo okokuqala ngo-Okthobha u-2004, i igama lekhowudi lisebenzisa isiphawuli kunye negama lesilwanyana elineziqalo zalo.wiki):
| Isichazi | isilwanyana | Inguqulelo |
|---|---|---|
| Warty | Ingulube | 4.10 |
| Ihoary | Hedgehog | 5.04 |
| Breezy | Ibheji | 5.10 |
| Dapper | Drake | I-6.06 LTS |
| Eddy | eft | 6.10 |
| Ngamandla | Fawn | 7.04 |
| Isibindi | igibbon | 7.10 |
| Hardy | nyoni | I-8.04 LTS |
| Intrepid | ibex | 8.10 |
| ijaunty | Udyakalashe | 9.04 |
| IKarmi | Koala | 9.10 |
| iqonda | I-Lynx | I-10.04 LTS |
| Maverick | IMeerkat | 10.10 |
| Natty | INarwhal | 11.04 |
| oneric | I-Ocelot | 11.10 |
| Ngqo | IPangolin | I-12.04 LTS |
| Ubungakanani | UQuetzal | 12.10 |
| Ukulinganisa | Iringithoni | 13.04 |
| Isosi | Salamander | 13.10 |
| Uthembekile | Tahr | I-14.04 LTS |
| Umntu | Unicorn | 14.10 |
| eziqaqanjisiweyo | IVervet | 15.04 |
| Ngobubele | IWolfwolf | 15.10 |
| Xenial | xerus | I-16.04 LTS |
| yakkety | yak | 16.10 |
| Ubuhle | IZapus | 17.04 |
| Ezobugcisa | Intloko | 17.10 |
| Bionic | I-Beaver | I-18.04 LTS |
| I-cosmic | I-Cuttlefish | 18.10 |
| disk | Hayi | 19.04 |
| Eoan | ermine | 19.10 |
| Ukugxila | UFossa | I-20.04 LTS |
| IGroovy | igorila | 20.10 |
| "Isichazi | "HAnimal" | 21.04 |
ICanonical khange igqibe ekubeni amagama ekhowudi kufuneka abenje kwaye alandele i-alfabhethi, kodwa yaphela sele iyinto eqhelekileyo.
Ubuntu ineencasa ezisixhenxe ezisemthethweni ...
Kodwa ndinayo kwaye ndiza kuba nokuninzi. Okwangoku, incasa yesiqhelo okanye ephambili ihamba no-Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Budgie kunye no-Ubuntu Kylin, kunye neendawo zePlasma, i-Xfce, i-LXQt, i-MATE, i-Xfce (iPlasma njenge-20.10), iBudgie kunye ne-UKUI. Kude kube kutshanje, inguqulelo ye-Ubuntu GNOME ibikhona, kodwa yapheliswa xa iCanonical yagqiba kwelokuba ibuyele kwi-GNOME emva kokushiya ubunye. Kwixesha elizayo, baya kujoyina usapho lwe-Ubuntu Cinnamon, UbuntuDDE, Ubuntu Lumina kunye no-Ubuntu Unity, iiprojekthi ezithatha amanyathelo azo okwangoku.
Umanyano, imeko-bume yeCanonical
Ubuntu Ubunye ithatha amanyathelo ayo okuqala ngoku, xa bekhuphe ingxelo yabo yokuqala ezinzileyo. Uya kusebenzisa indawo yemizobo eyilwe yiCanonical kwangoko kule minyaka ilishumi, ethembise ukudibana phakathi kwezixhobo ezingazange zenzeke. Ngexesha elingaphezulu, wayishiya imeko yemizobo, kodwa abanye baqhubeka nokukhula kwakhe.
Ubunye buwutshintshe kakhulu umfanekiso we-Ubuntu. Endaweni yokuba nemivalo ephezulu neyasezantsi njengangaphambili, yaqhubeka yayongenhla ngolwazi, njengaleyo inikezelwa yitreyi yenkqubo, kwaye itheko lasekhohlo Oko, kulungile, uninzi lwethu alukhumbuli kakuhle. Iikhompyuter ezinesidima ngakumbi ziye zasokola, yiyo loo nto abasebenzisi abaninzi bekhalaza. Ngesi sizathu, u-Ubuntu MATE wazalwa, eyeyona nto ikufutshane kwi-Ubuntu yoqobo.
Ngo-2017, iCanonical washiya ubunye ukubuyela kuguqulelo lwangoku lweGNOME 3.
Ubuntu Chukumisa okanye iselfowuni
Kungekudala emva kokuphehlelela ubunye, i-Canonical ikwasixelele malunga nokudibana okungaziwayo okwasilelayo ukwenzeka. Kodwa akubanga ngenxa yokuba bengakhange bazame. Inkampani yaqala ukuphuhlisa inguqulelo yeselfowuni kunye nokuchukumisa yenkqubo yakhe yokusebenza, into ayishiyileyo ukugxila kwidesktop.
UBports uthathe isigqibo sokuthatha ikhowudi kunye nohlobo olusebenzayo loBuntu luya phambili, kodwa alusabizwa ngokuba yi-Unity 8 njengoko kulindelwe, kodwa lomiri. Okwangoku, iLomiri iyahambelana nezinye iitheminali ezinje ngePinePhone okanye iLibrem 5.
I-Canonical: inkampani yabucala kunye nemoto
Uninzi lwezabelo zeLinux ziyaphuhliswa kwaye zigcinwa ngamavolontiya kunye nabasebenzisi, abenza iminikelo, kodwa akunjalo ngo-Ubuntu. Kule meko kukho inkampani yabucala ngasemva kwayo, kwaye igama layo ngu Canonical.
Yi-Canonical ejongene nokuqinisekisa ukuba kuya kubakho ukumiliselwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 kunye nokusinika sonke Amabala okhuseleko Kuyimfuneko ukuba Ubuntu ihlale iyinkqubo yokusebenza ethembekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
UMark Shuttlework, u-CEO kunye neNtloko yayo yonke into
Ingqondo yayo yonke le nto nguMark Shuttleworth, usomashishini waseMzantsi Afrika owasungula iCanonical Ltd. kunye isengumphathi wayo omkhulu namhlanje. UShuttleworth uxhasa inkampani yakhe, unceda kuphuhliso, kwaye ugcina Ubuntu kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zemithombo evulekileyo. Ngaphambi koku, uMarko wayengumlondolozi we-Apache kwi-Debian kwaye le yayiyinxalenye yento eyamenza wenza Ubuntu: okwenza iDebian kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ifikelele kubantu abaninzi.
UShuttleworth wayengowokuqala waseAfrika esithubeni
Ukongeza kuyo yonke into enxulumene nesoftware, uShuttleworth uyakuthanda ukuphonononga umhlaba… kunye nento engaphaya. Ngesi sizathu, ngo-2002 wagqibela ngokuya emajukujukwini, waba umntu wokuqala wase-afrika ukushiya iplanethi yomhlaba Okwesibini ukwenziwa njengokhenketho ohlawulela uhambo ngokwakhe. Emuva kwiSitishi saMazwe ngaMazwe, wachitha iintsuku ezisibhozo ethatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo olunxulumene noGawulayo kunye nophando lwejenome.
Ubuntu kunye nenkonzo yayo endala yokuthumela
Ekuqalekeni kwayo, Ubuntu khange isebenze njengoko isenza ngoku. Kwafuneka itshiswe kwiCD ukuze kufakwe inkqubo yokusebenza. Ngesi sizathu, iiCanonical zanikezela nge Inkonzo apho asithumelele khona iCD yokufaka, kwaye konke oku simahla. Inkonzo yayibizwa ngokuba yiShipIt kwaye ndaye ndacinga ngokuzi-odela iCD. Khange, mhlawumbi ndingazikhathazi, kwaye ngoku ndiyazisola.