Isebenza njani ifayili kunye nolawulo lwemvume kwiLinux (III)

Kwizavenge ezibini ezidlulileyo besele siqale ukubona ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuphathwa kwe ifayile kunye nemvume yesikhombisi kwiLinux, zombini kwifom 'ye-rwx' nakwigama lokuchazwa kwamanani, apho sinika ixabiso le-4,2 kunye ne-1 kwiibhithi ukusuka ngasekhohlo ukuya ngasekunene ukufumana ifom efunekayo. Ngoku, njengoko besilindele ixesha lokugqibela esithethe ngale nto, masibone Utshintsha njani iimvume zomsebenzisi kunye nomnini kunye neqela lefayile okanye ulawulo.

Umyalelo wokuguqula ifayile kunye nemvume yolawulo kwiLinux yi chmod, exhasa iinguqulelo ezinje nge '+', '-' kunye '=' ukongeza, ukulungisa okanye ukuseta iimvume ezichaziweyo, ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kusetyenziswa kunye noonobumba u, g no-o abonisa umnini, iqela kunye nabanye ngokulandelelana, ukubonisa ukuba siza kongeza okanye sisuse zombini umnini wefayile kunye neqela lakhe kunye nabo bonke abasebenzisi. Y Akukho mfuneko yokuba siyenze ngokwahlukeneyo nganye kodwa singayidibanisa ngokulandelelana, ukwahlula ngekoma, kwaye ngenxa yoko ukongeza imvume yokubhala kumnini, kwaye ufunde imvume yeqela (kwifayile ebizwa test.html) esiyenzayo:

# chmod u + w, g + r uvavanyo.html

Ngoku, umzekelo, siza kongeza imvume yokufunda 'kwabanye' kwaye siza kuyisusa kwiqela:

# chmod gr, o + r uvavanyo.html

Enye indlela yokuguqula iimvume kukusebenzisa ifom ye-octal, esiyishiya icaciswe kakuhle kwisavenge sangaphambili kodwa akukhathazi ukukhumbula. Ngokusisiseko, ukutsho ukuba ngamanani amathathu amele iimvume zomnini, iqela kunye nabo bonke abasebenzisi, kwaye amaxabiso abo ongezwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 4 kwinto yokufunda, ukubulawa. Banokwahluka ngayo ukusuka kwi-2 (ukuba yeyokugqibela iyasebenza) ukuya kuma-1 ukuba zonke zenziwe zasebenza, zidlula kumaxabiso aphakathi njenge-111, 777 okanye 415.

Kule meko, sithatha ukuba sifuna ukushiya ifayile ye-test.html nazo zonke iimvume ezisebenzayo zomnini, funda kunye nokwenza iimvume zeqela kunye neemvume zokwenza kubo bonke abasebenzisi, senza:

Uvavanyo lwe- # chmod 771.html

Kwelinye icala, ukuba sifuna ukushiya zonke iimvume kumniniyo kodwa kuphela iimvume zokuphumeza kwiqela kunye nabanye abasebenzisi, senza:

Uvavanyo lwe- # chmod 711.html

Ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni xa nje sinemvume njengoko sifuna, siyaqonda ukuba sifuna iifayile kunye nemikhombandlela ukuba ibe yeyomnye umsebenzisi? Kwimeko apho kufuneka Guqula umnini wefayile okanye isikhombisi, esikwi Linux yenziwe ngomyalelo we-chown, Osebenza ikuluhlobo:

Iifayile zomsebenzisi ezi- # chown

Ixabiso 'lomsebenzisi' linokuba ligama lakho lomsebenzisi ngaphakathi kwenkqubo kunye ne-ID yakho yomsebenzisi, kwaye njengoko iinkcukacha zithi ekuphela komntu onokuthi aguqule ngokukhululekileyo iimvume zalo naluphi na uhlobo lwenkqubo ngoyena mntu ungoyena uphambili, okanye ingcambu. Wonke umntu abanye abasebenzisi bavunyelwe kuphela ukuguqula iimvume kunye nomnini wezo fayile ezizezabo.

Ke, ukuba sifuna ukuguqula umnini wefayile yovavanyo.html ukuze endaweni yokuba ibe yeyomsebenzisi guille iba yipropathi yomsebenzisi, into ekufuneka siyenzile yile ilandelayo:

Uvavanyo lwe- $ chown adry.html

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha sifuna ifayile ukuba ibe yeyomsebenzisi kwakhona, kuya kufuneka 'ngobumnene' umsebenzisi enze oku kulandelayo:

Uvavanyo lwe- $ chown guille.html