ILinux yabaqalayo: yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

Linux

Ihlabathi iinkqubo zokusebenza zeekhompyuter udume kakubi. Kuyo yonke inkqubo ehamba phambili yentengiso njengeWindows kunye ne-macOS, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo ezizama ukwamkelwa. Iphantse yangathi imarike yenkqubo yokusebenza iyakuchasa ngokusebenzayo ukulawulwa liqumrhu elinye. Ngenxa yalo mhlaba ukhuphisanayo, kusenokumangalisa ukufunda ukuba iLinux, inkqubo yasimahla nevulelekileyo yokusebenza yomthombo ophuhliswe luluntu lwamavolontiya anomdla, namhlanje yenye yezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Enyanisweni, mhlawumbi uyisebenzisa yonke imihla ngaphandle kokwazi. Yintoni kanye kanye iLinux, kutheni iphumelele kangaka kwaye lithini ikamva layo? Funda ukuze ufumane…

Umlando omncinci

Linus

I-Linux yinkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo eyenziwe ngumphuhlisi ogama lakhe lingu ULinus B Torvalds ngo-1991. Igama likaLinux livela kwinto yokuba inkqubo inezixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa ezisebenza kunye "njengeqela lezitena zeLego." Ngokwenyani, iLinux yenziwa endaweni yenye inkqubo yokusebenza ebizwa ngokuba yiMinix. U-Torvalds wayecebe kwasekuqaleni ukusebenzisa iMinix kwikhompyuter yakhe kodwa, ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo ethintelayo yelayisenisi, akazange akwazi ukwenza oko. Ngoko ke, waqala ukuphuhlisa enye indlela yokusebenza ukusuka ekuqaleni eyayikhululekile kwaye ivulekile.

Kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala, iLinux yayisetyenziswa phantse ngokukodwa ngabadwelisi benkqubo lwehlabathi lezemfundo. Iinkampani nazo zasebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza kuphela kwizicelo ezizodwa kakhulu. Kwakungekho kwamkelwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo beekhompyuter. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2001, ukuthandwa kweLinux kwaqala ukukhula kakhulu. Kulapho abaphuhlisi beLinux benza inguqulelo yenkqubo yokusebenza esebenza kwiikhompyuter ezise-Intel. Kamva yaziwa ngokuba yi "Linux Kernel" kwaye eyona nguqulelo idumileyo yaziwa ngeli gama.

Yintoni iLinux?

I-Linux yi-kernel, nangona iphinda isetyenziswe njengegama lokumisela inkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokusebenza ye-Unix, nangona ingeyiyo inzala yayo, kodwa i-clone. I-Linux yabhalwa kuqala ngumdwebi wenkqubo omnye ogama linguLinus Torvalds, kodwa kamva wenza ikhowudi yakhe esidlangalaleni, evumela abanye abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba bayiphucule kwaye bayandise. Aba bacwangcisi babelane ngekhowudi kunye nehlabathi liphela kwaye indawo evulekileyo yeLinux yazalwa. I-Linux iyenza yonke, ukusuka kwiikhompyuter zedesktop ukuya kwiikhompyuter ezinkulu, iifowuni eziphathwayo, kunye neentlobo ezithile zesiphekepheke. Uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa iLinux yonke imihla ngaphandle kokwazi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Android isekelwe kuguqulelo olulungisiweyo lwe-Linux, njengenkqubo yokusebenza ye-Chrome, enika amandla ii-Chromebooks. Iinkampani ezifana neAmazon kunye neMicrosoft, kunye noorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela, basebenzisa iLinux.

Ukwahluka kweLinux (unikezelo okanye idistros)

Umanyano 22.04

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zeLinux, kodwa ezona zidumileyo zi Debian, Ubuntu kunye neRed Hat...

  • I-Debian lusasazo lweLinux olusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiiseva, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeziseko ezingundoqo.
  • Ubuntu sesinye sezona zisasazo zidumileyo zeLinux ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi bedesktop. Ikwasetyenziselwa izinto ezifana ne-Intanethi yezixhobo ze-Intanethi kunye nokunye.
  • I-Red Hat lusasazo lwezorhwebo lweLinux esetyenziswa ikakhulu ngamashishini. Ngokungafaniyo noBuntu, ayisimahla ukuyisebenzisa.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

I-Linux yinkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo onayo iimpawu ezininzi ezintle. Enye yezona zinto ziluncedo kakhulu zokusebenzisa iLinux kukuba isimahla ukuyikhuphela kunye nokusetyenziswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa unofakelo lweLinux kwisixhobo sakho, akukho ndleko ziqhubekayo. Kwaye, akukhathaliseki ukuba uluhlobo luni lwekhompyuter onayo: iLinux iya kusebenza kwiiMacs, iiPC, iilaptops, nokunye. I-Linux nayo ikhuselekile kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ukuba kukho uluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi abasebenza ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwe-hacker ngamaxesha onke. I-Linux ikuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise izicwangciso ezithile ukuze usebenze ngakumbi. Umzekelo, unokutshintsha indlela idatha egcinwa ngayo kwisixhobo sakho kunye nokuba isixhobo sakho sizihlaziya rhoqo kangakanani ii-apps. Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa iLinux kukuba inokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeLinux ezinokusetyenziselwa inani lezicelo.

Enye ye iingxaki eziphambili yokusebenzisa iLinux kukuba ayiqhubi iinkqubo ezithile ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi beWindows kunye neMacOS. Ezi ziquka iTunes, QuickBooks, ezinye izicelo email, kunye nezinye iifomu zeenkqubo Adobe. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeLinux ezenza oku ngokubandakanya ezi mpawu kwinkqubo yazo yokusebenza.

Kutheni idumile?

Kuyavela ukuba iLinux ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli benkqubo. Imodeli yomthombo ovulekileyo weLinux ibavumela ukuba babelane ngokukhululekileyo ngekhowudi, bafunde omnye komnye, kwaye basebenzisane kwiiprojekthi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuthetha ukuba iLinux igqibelele ngokuhamba kwexesha, imveliso yeenzame kunye nokuqonda kwamawaka elona shishini libalaseleyo kwaye liqaqambile. Kuba iLinux ingumthombo ovulekileyo, ithathwa njengokhetho olukhuselekileyo nolusesikweni kurhulumente nakwiziko. Ikwanayo nesiseko sekhowudi ecace ngokupheleleyo, esenza kube lula ukuphicotha ubuthathaka obunokubakho. Kwakhona, i-Linux ikhululekile ukukhuphela kunye nokusabalalisa, okwenza ukuba ifikeleleke kakhulu kwimibutho yabo bonke ubukhulu. Kwaye ngelixa i-Linux ithathwa njengenkqubo yokusebenza yomgangatho weshishini, ikwanoluhlu olubanzi lokusebenziseka kunye nokukhethwa ngokwezifiso.

Ungayifumana phi iLinux?

Iiseva zeVPS

Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubuza bani, iLinux inokufumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweendawo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela i-Linux echazwe ngayo, inkqubo yokusebenza ifumaneka kwinani elikhulu lezixhobo kunye neziqwenga zesoftware. I-Android, umzekelo, isekelwe kwi-Linux kernel. Injalo iseva ye-OpenSSH. Kwaye iLinux isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iikhompyuter zeMacintosh zikaApple, kunye nenkqubo yayo yokusebenza yeMacOS. Ukucacisa ngakumbi, ezi ziindawo apho iLinux inokufumaneka khona:

  • Iselula: Android, Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Ubuntu Touch
  • Iikhompyuter zeDesktop: Iikhompyuter zeApple, kunye neePC
  • Iiseva zeLinux
  • Abanye: iiwotshi ezihlakaniphile, iiTV ezihlakaniphile (i-webOS kunye neTizen), iirutha zeCisco, iimoto zeTesla, nokunye okuninzi.

Ikamva elithembisayo

Nangona ingazange yoyise intsimi yePC, iLinux inekamva eliqaqambileyo. Inyaniso iya kuxelwa, kunzima ukuqikelela ikamva layo nayiphi na iteknoloji okanye imveliso. Kodwa inye into ibonakala iqinisekile: Ukuthandwa kweLinux akuyi kufa nanini na kungekudala. Ngalo lonke utyalo-mali kunye nomfutho osemva kweLinux, inkqubo yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekileyo inokuqhubeka nokukhula kwiimarike ezintsha kunye namatyala okusebenzisa. Njengomthombo osasazwe ngokukhululekileyo kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo, iLinux isenokuqhubeka nokuvela ngesantya esikhawulezayo, mhlawumbi ide isebenze kwiinkqubo ezintsha zokusebenza.

Isiphelo

Linux yinkqubo yokusebenza ukuba indlela yokusebenzisana neteknoloji itshintshile. Isetyenziswe iminyaka kwaye isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje ziinkampani ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi esizisebenzisa yonke imihla, njengeefowuni zethu, iiwotshi, kunye neemoto. Imbali yeLinux ngokuqinisekileyo inomdla kwaye iya kuqhubeka ibaluleke kakhulu kuthi kwixesha elizayo. Ngoku uyayazi ukuba yintoni iLinux, kutheni ithandwa kangaka, kwaye ungayifumana phi, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuzama ngokwakho.


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  1.   newbie sitsho

    Ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi ukukhankanywa kwenxalenye ye "GNU" iya kulahleka, kuba ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezenziwe nguRichard Stallman, uLinus ngekhe akwazi ukwenza "Linux" kernel.

  2.   msebenzi sitsho

    Ndicebisa kwabaqalayo iLinuxmint ngexfce

  3.   Nacho sitsho

    Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka ufunde ngakumbi malunga noRichard Stallman, umdali wayo yonke le nto. I-Linux ayisiyonkqubo yokusebenza, ingancinci eyilwe nguLinus Torvalds. Usanda kuyila i-kernel, ehambelana nokuphunyezwa simahla kwe-Unix, ebizwa ngokuba yi-GNU. Inkqubo epheleleyo ibizwa ngokuba (okanye kufuneka ibizwe) GNU/Linux, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula i-GNU iyashiywa ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa hayi nokuba uLinus Torvalds unomdla kuyo nayiphi na enye into ngaphandle kwekernel yayo (kwaye njengoko usitsho, iyasebenza kwiirutha, iiTV kunye nezinye. izixhobo ezifana ne-android ezisebenzisa enye inkqubo yokusebenza) kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nokudalwa kwayo kokuqala, iilayisensi zamahhala okanye imigaqo yokuziphatha ehambelana neprojekthi. Inqaku elithetha ngoRichard Stallman liza kucacisa iingongoma ezininzi.

    1.    UIsake sitsho

      Ndadlan’ indlebe noRichard Stallman kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Ndiyayazi iGNU nokubaluleka kwayo, kodwa andikhathali kakhulu ukuba ibizwa ngokuba yiGNU/Linux, Linux, Ubuntu, Debian okanye nantoni na. Ngokumalunga ne-GNU, iStallman, isoftware yasimahla, iilayisensi, njalo njalo, elinye inqaku linokwenziwa. Akufunekanga isuswe kuyo, kodwa ngokobuqu ndicinga ukuba akufanele uxakeke kukuba ungayibiza ngantoni. Bendihlala ndizama ukuthi GNU/Linux, ndenze umzamo wokwenza njalo, kodwa ngoku ndixhalabele eminye imiba kunegama...