Ngaba yeyiphi incasa yobuntu endiyikhethayo? #StartUbuntu

Ukuba ucinga ukuba yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi "switch", kwaye, njengoko kunokwenzeka, inkqubo yokusebenza ofuna ukuyitshintsha yiWindows, apha Ubunlog Sizimisele ukukunika isandla. Ungasoloko uthenga ikhompyuter enophawu lweziqhamo, kodwa uya kube uchitha imali onokuthi ungaze uyihlawule. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiWindows kukufudukela kwiLinux, kwaye ewe, kwibhlog efana nale sizibophelele kuyo Ubuntu okanye enye yeencasa zayo ezisemthethweni.

Kwimbali yoBuntu kunye "neencasa" zayo kukho okuza nokuhambayo. Kukho iincasa ezithi ngaxa lithile zingasasebenzi kwaye ziyekwa. Kwelinye icala sineeprojekthi eziqala njenge "remix" ye-Ubuntu, iCanonical icinga ukuba le nto bayenzayo licebo elilungileyo kwaye ithatha isigqibo sokuzamkela njengencasa esemthethweni. Uluhlu lunokwahluka, kodwa kungekhona intliziyo; zonke iincasa basebenzisa isiseko esifanayo.

Zithini iincasa zeBuntu?

Ukuba ufikile ngoku, sele uyazi ukuba yintoni unikezelo lwe-Gnu/Linux, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba awazi ukuba yintoni nai flavour»ubuntu. Incasa yoBuntu yi Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Gnu/Linux esekwe ku-Ubuntu. Ngokwenene Bubuntu, kodwa ngedesktop ethile, enezixhobo ezithile okanye uhlobo oluthile lwekhompyuter. Ukuziphatha kweencasa ku-Ubuntu kuyafana kakhulu neKhaya leWindows kunye neenguqulelo zeWindows Professional: ziyindlela efanayo yokusebenza, kodwa enye iza nesoftware eninzi kunenye.

Kulungile, ndiyaqala ukuqonda malunga neencasa zika-Ubuntu. Kodwa yiyiphi incasa endiyikhethayo?

Kukho malunga neencasa ezilishumi elinambini zobuntu. I-flavour nganye inenjongo ethile kwaye, ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa, ndiza kukhankanya ngokufutshane iimpawu zayo:

• Ubuntu. Inketho yokuqala yokuqwalasela kukusasazwa ngokwalo, Ubuntu. Idesktop ephambili yiGNOME, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi leLinux, ekwasetyenziswa lusasazo oludume kakhulu njengeDebian okanye iFedora. Ijongeka ifana nale siyibonayo xa uvula iMac, kodwa iCanonical ikhetha ukubeka ipaneli ngasekhohlo kwaye ifikelele ngapha nangapha. I-GNOME ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ukhetho olukhethiweyo lwabaninzi xa ufudukela kwiLinux.
• Kubuntu. Bubuntu kunye ne-KDE Plasma desktop. Yidesktop ejolise kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, kulula kakhulu ukulawula kunye "nokufumana" izinto, ngokuyinxenye kuba inonxibelelwano olufana nolo lweWindows. Ngenguqulelo nganye abayikhuphileyo, baye bayenza yalula kwaye yavelisa ngakumbi, kodwa iye yafumana igama elibi lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinye iikhompyuter. Nantsi into enayo i KDE, bafuna ukwenza yonke into kwaye bayenze kakuhle, kodwa kufuneka bagqibelele yonke into entsha abayaziyo.
• Xubuntu. Lo buBubuntu obunikezelwe kwiikhompyuter ezinezixhobo ezimbalwa. Sebenzisa i-desktop ye-XFCE, ikhaphukhaphu kuneyangaphambili kodwa ingabikho konke konke kubasebenzisi abavela kwiWindows. Yintoni, inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.
• Lubuntu. Yenye incasa yoBuntu enikezelwe kwiikhompyuter ezinezixhobo ezimbalwa, masihambe oko kuthethwa "kwiikhompyuter zakudala". Umahluko noXubuntu ukwidesktop yakho: uLubuntu uyasebenzisa LXQt, i-desktop ekhaphukhaphu kakhulu ekhangeleka ifana kakhulu ne-Windows XP yakudala, ngoko ke ukulungelelaniswa kwabasebenzisi beWindows kulula kakhulu.
• Ubuntu MATE. Yincasa efanayo kuKubuntu, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa i-KDE isebenzisa i-MATE njengedesktop engagqibekanga. I-MATE ligama elakhethwa nguMartin Wimpress xa wayethatha isigqibo sokudala into efana ne-GNOME 2.x endala, kwabo bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-Ubuntu yakudala kungekhona uBumbano oluphuhliswe yiCanonical, inyaniso kukuba ekuqaleni andiyithandi kakhulu.
• Ubuntu Studio. Le incasa yenzelwe abo bathanda imveliso, nokuba ngumculo, imizobo, imultimedia okanye inxulumene nje nelizwe leengoma. Ukusuka kwicandelo ngalinye elingasentla, Ubuntu Studio inesixhobo sezixhobo esiyifaka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwimeko yemveliso yegraphic, ineGimp, Blender kunye ne-InkScapet; njalo ngomxholo ngamnye wemveliso.
• Ubuntu Budgie. Yincasa ka-Ubuntu ngokusisiseko efana ne-GNOME ethanda izimonyo. Uninzi lwe-Ubuntu Budgie's guts kwabelwana ngayo ngencasa ephambili, kodwa inomxholo wayo kunye noyilo olulungelelanisiweyo.
• Ubuntu Ubunye. ICanonical yalahla uBumbano kwaye yabuyela kwi-GNOME, ngelo xesha ukuya kuguqulelo lwesithathu (kwaye yayeka Ubuntu GNOME), ngoko Umanyano lwasala eLimbo. Kwiminyaka kamva, umphuhlisi omncinci waseIndiya wayibuyisela ebomini, kwaye yaba yincasa esemthethweni kwakhona. Ubuntu Unity isebenzisa idesktop ephuhliswe yiCanonical, kodwa ngeenguqulelo zamva nje zesoftware. Imele ukusebenzisa iDash, kunye nokubandakanya zonke ii-tweaks ukuba umphuhlisi owayivusayo uza nazo.
• Ubuntu Kylin. Yincasa ejolise ikakhulu kuluntu lwaseTshayina, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba asiqhelekanga ukuyigubungela apha Ubunlog. Idesktop eyisebenzisayo yi-UKUI kwaye nangona inoyilo oluhle, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizizo zonke izinto eziguqulelwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwiSpanish.

Ngowuphi ophumeleleyo?

Es kunzima ukukhetha phakathi kwazo zonke iinketho ezikhoyo. Besingatsho ukuba umntu ulunge ngakumbi kunomnye, kodwa ukuba umntu ngamnye ubhetele kunabanye. Inguqulelo ephambili isebenzisa i-GNOME ekulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa; UBuntu ngowabo bafuna yonke; I-Xubuntu kunye ne-Lubuntu zezekhompyutheni ezinobuncwane obuphantsi, eyangaphambili inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwaye eyokugqibela ilula kancinci; Ubuntu MATE kwabo bathanda iklasikhi, nokuba "endala", bona iikowuti; IBudgie kunye noManyano zezabo bafuna amava amatsha; kunye neSitudiyo sabadali bomxholo. Kwaye, ke, kwabo bathetha isiTshayina, uKylin. Uhlala ngantoni?