Ungayifaka kanjani i-Ubuntu kusuka ku-USB igxathu negxathu

Lapho ngiqala ukusebenzisa Ubuntu, ukufakwa kwesistimu yokusebenza kwakuhluke kakhulu. Lokho kwamaseshini abukhoma noma ama-Live Sessions bekuyinto ekhethekile ekusatshalalisweni okufana nalokhu I-Knoppix, futhi inqubo yayiwukuthi, nakuba ukuqhathanisa kuvame ukunyanyisa, into efana neWindows. Bekufanele udale i-CD yokufaka, uyifake, uqale kuyo, into ebinje ngokuzenzakalelayo cishe kunoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha, futhi wenze lokho okutshelwe iwizadi. Kamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Live Session nama-flash drive kwaqala ukuduma, futhi lapha sizokufundisa ungayifaka kanjani ubuntu ku-usb.

Iqiniso liwukuthi, okwamanje, kunzima kimi ukucabanga enye indlela yokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza, kuze kube yilapho sengifuna ukufaka iWindows ngiphinde ngiyenze kanje (ngamathuluzi afana I-Wintoflash, nakuba ezinye zesimanje kakhulu nazo zivumelekile). Amadrayivu e-flash angasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi singawasebenzisa kunoma yini enye ngemva kokufaka isistimu yokusebenza. Engicabanga ukuthi ulwazi olunzima kakhulu noma olubaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sikwazi ukuthi "sishisa" isithombe se-ISO, uma usengasho ukuthi "shisa" lapho ofuna ukukwenza kuwukwenza i-Live USB.

Ungayifaka kanjani Ubuntu kusuka ku-USB: landa

Kunamathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi udawunilode izithombe ze-ISO kuwo, kodwa angiwathembi ngoba uLili (Linux Live) USB Creator nabanye abafana ne-UNetBootin ngokuvamile bathatha isikhathi sabo bengeza izinguqulo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke kimina kungcono ukuya kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni futhi landa izithombe kusukela kusiphequluli. Noma uma kungenjalo, futhi banikeza ithuba, kusukela esifufula ukuthi sibonana lapho.

I-Ubuntu ISO iyatholakala ku- lesi sixhumanisi, kepha futhi kusuka ku- cdimage.ubuntu.com. Kuseva endala singalanda inguqulo eyinhloko ye-Ubuntu nazo zonke izinguqulo ukunambitheka okusemthethweni, kanye nezinye ezingasaqhubeki njengo-Ubuntu GNOME noma i-MythBuntu. Ezinguqulweni ezisekhona, singalanda yonke into esajabulela ukusekelwa, okuthi ngesikhathi sokubhala lesi sihloko isuka ku-Ubuntu 14.04 kuye phambili. Okubi ukuthi izithombe ze-32bit zinyamalele lapho, kodwa ungathola izithombe ezingu-32bit zamanye ama-flavour Isithangami se-Ubuntu.

Indlela yokufaka Ubuntu kusuka ku-USB: ukudala imidiya yokufaka

Futhi ubani othi "i-installation medium" ithi i-USB. Lesi sigaba singaba side kakhulu uma uzama ukuhlanganisa zonke izinketho ezikhona. Ngivame ukusebenzisa i-Etcher ku-Linux, noma (i-Raspberry Pi) Imager, noma i-Ventoy, ngakho-ke bengingazi ukuthi ngiqale kuphi. Noma kukhona engikucabangayo, njengoba Ubuntu buyasivumela ukuthi sibe ne I-Boot evikelekile futhi akuvamisile ukubangela izinkinga, ngakho into yokuqala engizophawula ngayo ukusetshenziswa kweVentoy.

I-Ventoy

Okubi kakhulu ngeVentoy ukufakwa kwayo, okungenani uma sisebenzisa uhlelo olufana no-Ubuntu; into enhle ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kusuka kumabhanari ayo. Uma sikuWindows cha; uma lokhu kuyindaba yakho, landa inguqulo yakamuva kusuka lesi sixhumanisi futhi siyakuhalalisela uma unqume ukujoyina nathi. Ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Manjaro iyatholakala kumakhosombe ayo asemthethweni, kodwa ku-Ubuntu kufanele sihambe sidlula esikhumulweni, nakuba kufushane futhi kumnandi. Izinyathelo zizoba yilezi:

1. Silanda isofthiwe kusixhumanisi esisinikeze ngenhla.
2. Sikhipha ifayela elicindezelwe, elingenziwa ngethuluzi lesithombe noma ngomyalo (i-"x" izohluka kuye ngenguqulo elandiwe):

I-sudo tar -xf ventoy-1.x.xx-linux.tar.gz

3. Okulandelayo, sithuthela kumkhombandlela owenziwe ngalo myalo, futhi kufanelekile ukwenza kusukela ekugcineni ngoba inqubo yokusebenzisa ithuluzi lewebhu nayo iqalwe ngomugqa womyalo ku-Ubuntu:

cd ventoy-1.x.xx

4. Uma sesingaphakathi, kuzodingeka sikhiphe lo myalo.

sudo ./VentoyWeb.sh

5. Njengoba sibona ku-terminal, ukuze sifinyelele isixhumi esibonakalayo kuzodingeka sivule isiphequluli sewebhu bese sifaka isixhumanisi esisikhombayo, okungaba usizo ukusichofoza kuso.

QAPHELA: Ngokuvamile iqala ngesiNgisi, kodwa ingashintshwa ngokukhetha olunye ulimi kumenyu ethi “Izilimi”.

6. Manje njengoba inguqulo yewebhu ivuliwe, kufanele sibonise imenyu ethi "Idivayisi", khetha i-flash drive lapho i-Ventoy izofakwa khona bese uchofoza "Faka".

Njengolwazi olwengeziwe, kulabo abangazi futhi baqonde ukuthi kungani ngincoma i-Ventoy kuqala, ezokwenza ukufaka okudingekayo ukuze ama-ISO engezwe ku-USB futhi aqale kuwo. Ngakho-ke, singayisebenzisa njengeyunithi yokugcina, futhi "ukushisa" izithombe ngeke kudingeke. Kuzokwanela ukuhudula i-ISO ngaphakathi kwe-USB ngeVentoy.

UBalena Etcher

I-Etcher iyithuluzi eliqonde kakhudlwana nelisebenziseka kalula, kodwa kufanele usule yonke into eku-USB ngaphambi kokudala imidiya yokufaka. Okuhle ukuthi iyatholakala njenge-AppImage, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ufake noma yini ohlelweni lokusebenza.

Nakuba lokho kokungafaki lutho kungamanga ayingxenye. I I-AppImage ku-Ubuntu (GNOME, okungenani) azivulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuze kufakwe iphakheji ye-libfuse2 (sudo apt install libfuse2). Uma sesifake leyo phakheji, okufanele sikwenze ukuchofoza kwesokudla ku-AppImage/Properties bese uhlola ukuthi ingenziwa njengohlelo. Uma uyiqala, izobukeka kanjena:

Njengoba sesishilo, inqubo ithi "to' p'alante" noma, njengoba ama-Anglo-Saxons esho, "qonda phambili":

1. Esigabeni sokuqala ukhetha i-ISO ozoyiqopha.
2. Okwesibili, idrayivu yokuyifaka. Ngokuvamile kuyasazisa uma sizoyifaka ku-flash drive enkulu kakhulu, njengoba kungase kube nedatha ebalulekile futhi ngesikhathi sokudala konke kufanele kususwe.
3. Ngalezo zikhetho ezimbili ezenziwe, chofoza ku-Flash bese ulinda inqubo ukuthi iqede.
4. Yize kungekho muntu okufanele athathe isibonelo sami esibi, ngivame ukugwema ukuqinisekiswa okwenzayo ngemuva kokudalwa kwe-Live USB, ngoba kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi akukaze kungihluleke futhi angikaze ngibone imilayezo yephutha evela ekuqinisekisweni.

Ukulingisa

Esokugcina seziphakamiso zami sisebenza cishe ngokufana ncamashí ne-Etcher, kodwa sitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina ezisemthethweni ze-Ubuntu, ngakho-ke singaseshwa futhi sifakwe ne-Ubuntu Software. Ibizwa ngokuthi Imager, noma Okusajingijolo Pi Imager, njengoba iyithuluzi i-Raspberry Pi elinikezayo ukushisa izithombe ezizosetshenziswa ebhodini layo lomama. Kodwa akuyona nje eyebhodi lakho lomama futhi ungakha ama-Ubuntu Live USB ngaleli thuluzi.

Umehluko kuphela ukuthi inketho ethi "KHETHA OS" ingasiphazamisa kancane. Njengoba sisho, isofthiwe elungiselelwe ikakhulukazi ukuqopha izithombe ze-Raspberry Pi, futhi leyo menyu isinikeza ukulanda izinhlelo ezifana ne-Ubuntu Desktop, i-Raspberry Pi OS noma i-LibreELEC, kodwa izinguqulo zebhodi lakho. Uma sifuna ukwakha i-Live USB eno-Ubuntu, kufanele sikhethe i "Sebenzisa Ngokwezifiso" inketho, phequlula bese ukhetha i-Ubuntu ISO, futhi okunye kufana no-Etcher, ukuqinisekiswa kufakiwe.

Indlela yokufaka Ubuntu kusuka ku-USB: isinyathelo esedlule

Uma sesivele sinendawo yokufaka, indlela yokufaka i-Ubuntu kusuka ku-USB isivele iseduze kakhulu, nakuba kukhona futhi okubalulekile okufanele ukwenze/ukwazi. Indlela yokwenza kuncike kukhompuyutha kanye nenkumbulo yayo eyisisekelo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-BIOS. Okufanele sikwenze kuqala ukuvala imishini, siyivule futhi faka izilungiselelo zakho (ukusetha). Kwamanye amadivaysi kuba nge-(Fn)F2, kwezinye ngokhiye othi «Del» noma «Del» kanti kwezinye ngomunye; Kufanele uthole ukuthi kuyini ukuze ukwazi ukufaka lokhu kulungiselelwa.

Uma usungenile, futhi njengoba ngayinye ihlukile, kunzima ukuchaza izinyathelo ezithile, kodwa kufanele upheqa uye kuzinketho ze-boot bese ushintsha i-oda ukuze funda kuqala i-usb. Ngendlela, bekungeke kube buhlungu ukushintsha i-oda ukuze into yokugcina ozama ukuyiqalisa kuyo i-hard drive; uma kungekho lutho, bese uqala i-hard drive; Uma kungenjalo, qala kunoma yini ekhona, kungaba i-CD noma i-USB, esizobe siyifake kokuthile. Kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi amathuluzi abo futhi uzokwazi ukuthi benzeni lapha.

Enye inketho uma ungafuni ukushintsha i-oda lokuqalisa ukuthola nokusebenzisa inketho, uma ikhona, faka ukukhetha kwedrayivu ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Kukhompyutha yami ephathekayo icindezela okuthi F12 ekuqaleni, futhi ingivumela ukuthi ngikhethe i-hard drive noma i-USB uma nginayo echwebeni.

Ukufakwa kobuntu

Kuleli qophelo, esikushiyile ukuqala kusuka ku-USB futhi faka Ubuntu. e Lesi sihloko yomhlahlandlela wethu ichazwa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi lapha sizokwenza into efanayo kancane, kodwa izithombe-skrini zizoba yilezo zokufaka ezizotholakala kusukela ngo-23.04, njengoba idethi yokukhululwa iyasondela futhi sithemba ukuthi lokhu i-athikili isiza ukufaka Ubuntu ngesikhathi sokubhala lesi sihloko kanye neminyaka ezayo.

Efasiteleni lokuqala, futhi lokhu kusha, kuzosicela ukuthi sikhethe ulimi. Hhayi-ke, akukho lutho: siyayikhetha bese uchofoza Qhubeka.

Okulandelayo, futhi lo myalelo nawo usemusha, kuzoba lapho usibuza ukuthi sifuna ukuhlola noma ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza. Uma esikufunayo kuwukusebenza ku-Live Session, kuzodingeka sikhethe “Zama Ubuntu”. Uma sifuna ukuyifaka, bese “Faka Ubuntu”. Awukho umehluko, kodwa ngokuvamile ngikhetha inketho yokuzama ngoba ingivumela ukuthi ngisebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza, uma kwenzeka ngifuna ukwenza okuthile ngekhompyutha yami futhi ukufakwa akungiphoqi ukuthi ngilinde.

Esikrinini esilandelayo kuzodingeka sikhethe isakhiwo sekhibhodi. Sikhetha ulimi lwethu bese sichofoza Qhubeka. Uma singaqiniseki ngokukhetha, ngemva kokumaka ulimi singahlola ukuthi konke kulungile yini ebhokisini lombhalo elingezansi. Kubantu abakhuluma isi-Spanish, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi i-Ñ ikhona.

Njengoba ikhibhodi isisolimini lwethu, sekuyisikhathi sokuxhuma ku-inthanethi. Lesi sinyathelo asibalulekile kakhulu, kodwa uma sixhuma singadawuniloda isofthiwe nezinye izibuyekezo phakathi nokufaka. Uma singaxhumeki, zonke izibuyekezo kuzodingeka zisetshenziswe kamuva.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo singesinye esibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuzodingeka sikhethe uhlobo lokufaka esifuna ukulwenza. Singakhetha phakathi kokujwayelekile nokuncane, okuzokwenza okufanayo nokujwayelekile kodwa kuzofaka amaphakheji ambalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (anele nje ukusebenza). Futhi uma sifuna ukufaka isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu, njengabashayeli bobunikazi namafomethi we-multimedia.

Ukuqhubeka nohlobo lokufakwa, manje kufanele sikhethe ukuthi sizophatha kanjani ukwahlukanisa. Uma sikhetha leyo ehlolwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, izofaka Ubuntu isebenzisa yonke i-hard drive. Futhi singakhetha izici ezithile ezithuthukisiwe, kanye “Nokuthile”...

... okulapho singakha khona, sisuse, sikhethe, njll, ukwahlukanisa. Lesi sigaba esabasebenzisi abathuthukile, nakuba maduze nje sizobhala umhlahlandlela mayelana nezahluko okufanele zisebenze u-Ubuntu nokuthi yiziphi okungatuseka ukuba nazo.

Ewindini elilandelayo sizobona isifinyezo salokho esizokwenza. Uma kuyilokhu esikufunayo, siyaqhubeka. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele ubuyele emuva ukuze ulungise okungalungile.

Ukufaka sekuvele kuqalile, kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa ezengeziwe okufanele uzilungiselele. Okokuqala, indawo yethu.

Bese sizodala umsebenzisi wethu:

• Igama lethu eliphelele lingena ebhokisini lokuqala, uma sifuna ukulisebenzisa ngaleyo ndlela.
• Kweyesibili, igama leqembu. Ngivame ukubeka igama lesistimu yokusebenza, kulokhu "ubuntu" (ngithanda ukusebenzisa igama eliphansi kulokhu). Futhi ngalesi sifaki, "ubuntu" abubanjwa futhi singasetshenziswa.
• Ebhokisini lesithathu kuhamba igama lomsebenzisi, okumele libe ngofeleba abancane futhi lizovela ku/ekhaya.
• Ezokugcina ezimbili eze-password, ukuyibeka kanye futhi uqinisekise ukuthi asenzanga iphutha.
• "Ibhokisi lokuhlola" noma ibhokisi lokuqinisekisa kuzoba wukubona iphasiwedi, ukuze kuvele izinhlamvu hhayi izimpawu ezizifihlayo.
• Futhi ukushintshwa kuwukusicela iphasiwedi lapho uqala ikhompuyutha noma cha. Ngaphandle uma isetshenziselwa izinto ezingabalulekile, njengokuthi nginekhompuyutha ephathekayo endala esebenzisa kuphela isikhungo semultimedia, kungcono ukuyishiya isebenza.

Angazi noma abaningi bazocabanga njengami yini, kodwa ngiyakuthanda lokhu. Isinyathelo esengeziwe sethuliwe lapho kuzodingeka sikhethe khona itimu ekhanyayo noma emnyama. Esinye isinyathelo, kodwa ukufakwa kakade kwenziwa ngemuva futhi asichithi isikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokuqala uhlelo lokusebenza sizoba nalo njengoba sithanda.

Silinda ukuthi inqubo iphele, singazijabulisa ngokubuka amaslayidi uma sithanda, size sibone isithombe esinjengalesi:

Futhi kungaba kuphela lokho. Manje udinga ukuqalisa kabusha. Uhlelo lokusebenza lisikhumbuza ukuthi kufanele sisuse i-USB ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha; umlayezo uvela, ngaleso sikhathi kufanele siwususe bese ucindezela "Faka". Uma siqala kabusha sizobe siku-Ubuntu bethu obusha. Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela wokuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-Ubuntu ku-usb ukusizile.