Apache web server, kuisirwa paUbuntu 20.04

Munyaya inotevera tichaona kuti tingazviita sei gadza Apache webhu server paUbuntu 20.04. Iyo HTTP server Apache iri webhu server iyo inopa akawanda ane simba mabasa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvine simba kurodha mumamojuru, yakasimba midhiya rutsigiro, uye kubatanidzwa kwakawanda pamwe neimwe inozivikanwa software.

Tisati tatanga kuisirwa, isu tinofanirwa kuve neakajairika mushandisi nerudo rombo rakagadzirirwa pakombuta. Chii chimwe, isu tinofanirwa kugonesa a firewall kuvharira asina-kukosha madoko. Kana tiine zvese izvi, tinogona login seiyi isiri-mudzi mushandisi kutanga.

Isa Apache

Apache iri inowanikwa muUbuntu's default software repositories. Neichi chikonzero isu tiri kuzotanga nekuvandudza yemuno packet indekisi kuti uve neazvino shanduko:

sudo apt update

Zvino tinogona gadza apache2 package:

sudo apt install apache2

Mushure mekumisikidzwa tinokwanisa tarisa kuti ndeipi vhezheni yeApache yatinoisa kutaipa mune imwechete terminal:

sudo apache2ctl -v

Firewall marongero

Usati waedza Apache, unofanirwa gadzirisa iyo firewall marongero kubvumira yekunze kupinda kune default web chiteshi. Tichaita izvi tichifunga kuti takagadzira a firewall seUFW yakagadzirirwa kumisa kupinda kune server.

Munguva yekuisirwa, Apache inonyoresa neUFW uye inopa zvimwe Mapurogiramu ekushandisa anogona kushandiswa kugonesa kana kudzima kupinda kweApache kuburikidza ne firewall.

Tichakwanisa nyora aya ma profiles kunyora:

sudo ufw app list

Seizvo zvinobuda zvinoratidza, kune matatu ma profiles anowanikwa eApache:

• Apache → Iyi nhoroondo chete yakavhurika chiteshi 80 (isina kunyorwa yakajairwa webhu traffic)
• Apache Yakazara → Vhura ese ari maviri port 80 (isina kunyorwa yakajairwa webhu traffic) kunge chiteshi 443 (yakavharidzirwa TLS / SSL traffic)
• Apache Yakachengeteka → Iyi nhoroondo chete yakavhurika chiteshi 443 (yakavharidzirwa TLS / SSL traffic)

Semuenzaniso uyu, sezvo tisati tagadzira SSL parizvino, isu tinongobvumidza traffic padoko 80:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Tinogona ongorora shanduko kunyora:

sudo ufw status

Tarisa dura rewebhu

Pakupera kwegadziriro yekumisikidza, Ubuntu 20.04 inotanga Apache, saka iyo dura rewebhu rinofanirwa kunge ratove nekumhanya. Tinogona kuratidza izvi nekunyora:

sudo systemctl status apache2

Iwo wekuraira pamusoro unofanirwa kuratidza kuti sevhisi yatanga zvinobudirira. Nekudaro, nzira yakanakisa yekuyedza izvi ndeyekukumbira peji kubva kuApache. Tinogona kuiwana kuburikidza ne IP kero kusimbisa kuti software inomhanya nenzira kwayo. Kana iwe usingazive iyo IP kero, inogona kuwanikwa nekutaipa mune iyo terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T):

hostname -I

Uyu murairo ichatiratidza mamwe makero emunharaunda akapatsanurwa nenzvimbo. Tinogona kuyedza yega yega muwebhu browser kuti tione kana vachishanda. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutibvumidza kuti tione iyo yakasarudzika Ubuntu 20.04 Apache peji rewebhu:

Iri peji rinosanganisirawo ruzivo rwekutanga pane akakosha maApache mafaera uye dhairekitori nzvimbo.

Manage Apache

Zvino zvatava newebhu server uye ichimhanya, ngatione mamwe ekutanga admin anoraira ne systemctl.

Para mira webhu server:

sudo systemctl stop apache2

Tanga webhu server painomiswa:

sudo systemctl start apache2

Para mira utange sevhisi:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Kana isu tiri kungoita shanduko kune iyo yekumisikidza, Apache inogona kudzoreredzwa pasina kurasikirwa nekubatana kunyora:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Nokusingaperi, Apache yakagadzirirwa kuti iite otomatiki nekombuta. Tinogona kudzima izvi kunyora:

sudo systemctl disable apache2

Para gonesa zvakare sevhisi kuti itange pabhoti:

sudo systemctl enable apache2

Apache Akakosha Mafaira uye maDhairekitori

Zviripo

• / var / www / html → Inosanganisira iyo Webhu zvemukati. Izvi zvinogona kushandurwa mumafaira ekugadzirisa eApache.

Kugadziriswa kweSeva

• / etc / apache2 → Zvese Apache mafaira ekugadzirisa gara pano.
• /etc/apache2/apache2.conf → Zviri pamusoro Apache main faira rekumisikidza.
• /etc/apache2/ports.conf → Iyi faira inotsanangura madoko Apache achateerera.
• / etc / apache2 / saiti-anowanikwa / → Dhairekitori panogona kuchengetwa mauto chaiwo pawebhusaiti. Apache haizoshandise mafaira ekumisikidza anowanikwa mune ino dhairekitori kunze kwekunge yave yakabatana nesaiti-inogoneswa dhairekitori. Kazhinji, ese server kukiya masystem anoitwa mune ino dhairekitori.
• / etc / apache2 / saiti-inogoneswa / → Dhairekitori inochengeterwa saiti-inogoneswa yechokwadi mauto Izvi zvinowanzo gadzirwa nekubatanidza kune ekumisikidza mafaera anowanikwa mune anowanikwa masosi dhairekitori ne a2ensite. Apache inoverenga mafaera ekugadzirisa uye zvinongedzo zvinowanikwa mune ino dhairekitori painotanga kana kurodha zvakare kuunganidza yakazara gadziriso.
• / etc / apache2 / conf-available /, / etc / apache2 / conf-enabled / → Aya madhairekitori ane hukama hwakaenzana nedhairekitori nzvimbo dziripo uye nemasaiti akagoneswa, asi anoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvidimbu zvekumisikidza izvo zvisiri zvemunhu chaiye wekutambira.
• / etc / apache2 / mods-available /, / etc / apache2 / mods-enabled / → Aya madhairekitori ine ma module anowanikwa uye akagoneswa, maererano.

Matanda eSeva

• /var/log/apache2/access.log → Zvese zvekukumbira kune webhu saiti zvakachengetwa mune iri danda faira kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira.
• /var/log/apache2/error.log → Nokusingaperi, zvikanganiso zvese zvakachengetwa mufaira iri.

Inogona kuwanikwa rumwe ruzivo nezve server iyi mu purojekiti webhusaiti.