GNUstep seti yemaraibhurari eObjective-C kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana maererano ne chirevo chepakutanga che OpenStep Yakagadziridzwa neNEXT (ikozvino ndeye Apple uye yakaiswa muMac OS X).
Nzvimbo inoratidzirwa nekupa chinhu-chakatarisana nechirongwa chekuvandudza chimiro uye seti yezvishandiso zvekushandisa pane akasiyana siyana emapuratifomu emakomputa. Dzidza zvakawanda nezveGNUstep purojekiti, dzimwe nzira, nezvimwe.
Nezve GNUstep
GNUstep inomuka achangobva kuApple, mushakabvu Steve Jobs, akatanga kambani itsva, NEXT, nechinangwa chekugadzira kombiyuta yakakwana.
Muna 1989, sisitimu yekushandisa yakaburitswa yemuchina uyu, unonzi NextStep. Kunyangwe pekutanga ichingowanikwa paNeXT Cube, NEXTSstep yakave nesimba guru.
Webhurawuza yekutanga, WorldWideWeb (yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti Nexus), yakagadzirwa pamushini uyu. (Munyori, Tim Berners-Lee, akati bhurawuza yake ingadai isina kuitika pasina NEXTSstep yakanakisa budiriro nharaunda.) Imwe software yakagadziridzwa pamichina NEXT iDoom.
Makore mashoma gare gare, Muna 1993, NEXT yakabatana neZuva kugadzira iyo OpenStep yakatarwa. Yakanga iri vhezheni yakapfava yeNEXT APIs, yakanangidzirwa kuchinjika-chikuva uye ichi chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:
- Imwe yacho Toolkit iyo yaipa yakaderera-level raibhurari senge tambo, associative arrays, uye faira I / O.
- Uye imwe yaive mumakiti ekushandisa ivo vakapa GUI toolkit uye masevhisi akabatana.
Zuva rakatsigira muchidimbu OpenStep paSolaris, nepo NEXT yakaburitsa vhezheni itsva yesystem yavo yekushandisa, inovhiringidza yakanzi OPENSTEP, iyo yakaitwa kuti iwanikwe kune akasiyana dhizaini, kusanganisira x86, pamwe neNeXT yakapawo kushandiswa kweiyo yakatarwa iyo yakashanda paWindows.
Panguva iyoyo, iyo GNU Project yaifarira zvakanyanya muNeXT system. Vazhinji vakaona OPENSTEP seyakanaka UNIX yekushandisa system. Kwenguva yakati, iyo GNU inoshanda sisitimu yaida kufanana zvakanyanya neNeXTSstep.
Pano zvakakodzera kucherechedza izvozvo iyo GNU HURD kernel yakavakirwa pane zvakafanana zvakakosha yeMach kupfuura NEXTSstep, asi ine dhizaini yakawedzera. Iyo graphical interface layer ingadai yakapihwa neGNU kuita kweNEXT APIs.
Iyo GNUstep purojekiti yakanyatso wedzera simba mushure mekuburitswa kweiyo OpenStep yakatarwa muna 1994, asi yakatambura kubva kune dzimwe nyaya.
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru neGNUstep yaive nyaya yekuti vashoma vanogadzira vanga varatidzwa kuNeXTSstep kana OPENSTEP. Zvino kwakauya kutora kweApple kweNEXT, iyo yakadzikisa mutengo weNeXT Hardware uye yakakurumbira iyo NEXTSstep inoshanda sisitimu.
Sezvo vagadziri vakawanda vakajaira kunaka kweOpenStep API kuburikidza nekuita kweApple, inozivikanwa seCocoa, kufarira mupurojekiti kwakatangwazve. Mumakore ekuma2000, GNUstep yakashandisa zvimwe kana zvishoma zvese zvakatemwa zveOpenStep, pamwe nekuwedzera kwakasiyana kuOS X.
Iyo GNUstep kernel inopa yakavhurika sosi vhezheni yemaAPI uye Cocoa zvishandiso zvinotsigira akati wandei anozivikanwa mapuratifomu. GNUstep inopa kushanda kwakasimba kwemaraibhurari eAppKit uye Foundation, pamwe chete nemidziyo yekuvandudza, kusanganisira iyo yepamusoro interface mugadziri Gorm (InterfaceBuilder) uye ProjectCenter IDE (ProjectBuilder / Xcode).
GNUstep inotsvaga kuenderana neyekunobva kodhi yeCocoa, saka inogona kushandiswa kugadzira uye kuvaka muchinjika-chikuva zvikumbiro pakati peMacintosh (Cocoa), Unix (Solaris) uye Unix-senge (GNU / Linux uye GNU / Hurd, NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD mapuratifomu) uye Windows.
GNUstep haina kunyorwa muC. Mutauro mukuru wekusimudzira weGNUstep iObjective-C, asi GNUstep haina kugumira ipapo.
Iwo maGNUstep maraibhurari akafukidzwa neGNU Lesser Public License (Library). Izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti unogona kushandisa maraibhurari aya mune chero chirongwa (kunyangwe asiri emahara zvirongwa) usingakanganise rezinesi rechirongwa chako kana chero raibhurari iyo GNUstep yakabatana nayo.
Kana ukagovera maraibhurari eGNUstep nechirongwa chako, unofanira kuita kuti zvigadziriso zvawaita kumaraibhurari eGNUstep zviwanikwe pachena. Iwo maGNUstep akamira maturusi ane rezinesi pasi peiyo GPL standard.
Finalmente kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo, unogona kutarisa ruzivo mu next link