Ndezvipi zvikamu zvinoda Ubuntu

Pese pandinogadzirira kunyora chinyorwa chakadai ndinorangarira makore angu ekutanga muUbuntu. Kutaura chokwadi, muhupenyu hwangu hwepre-Linux ndinofunga ndaizodzoreredza Windows 98 kamwechete uye ndikafomatidza imwe XP, saka chinhu chekugovana kwandiri chaive chimwe chinhu chekuparadzanisa, handizive, mapai nezvimwe. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, murairidzi wangu weLinux akandiudza chimwe chinhu kuti kana ndaida kuti data rangu rive rakachengeteka uye ndisarasikirwe naro mushure mekuita chimwe chinhu chakanyanyisa, zvaive zvakakodzera kuparadzanisa zvinhu. Ndinoziva kuti vazhinji venyu vanozvibvunza mubvunzo wekuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvaunoda Ubuntu, asi ndinofunga kuti chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita kusiyanisa pakati pechinodiwa, chinodiwa uye chingave chinodiwa.

Chimwe chinhu chekuchengeta mupfungwa ndezvipi zvikamu isu sevashandisi tinofanirwa kunetseka nazvo. Somuenzaniso, kana tichida gadza iyo inoshanda sisitimu kutora iyo hard drive yese, ndingati isu tinofanirwa kunetseka nezve imwe kana kwete. Ubuntu ichatarisira zvese kuitira kuti sisitimu igone kurodha kernel, ipapo sisitimu yekushandisa, uye pakupedzisira mushandisi interface. Chinhu ndechekuti kana isu tichida chimwe chinhu, ingave yakasiyana mikana kana kuziva chii chinoita. Pano tichaedza kutsanangura zvimwe zvinhu nezve partitions yeUbuntu, kunyangwe ichishanda kune chero sisitimu yekushandisa yakavakirwa paLinux zvakazara.

Zvikamu zvinodikanwa kuti Ubuntu (uye chero Linux) ishande

Kunyangwe kana isu tichida kutora iyo yese hard drive isu tinongofunga imwe chete, isu tinotoda maviri. mumwe wavo achava iyo /boot, iyo EFI, uko zvese zvinodiwa kuti komputa itange ichaiswa. Kana iyo inoshanda sisitimu ichigadzira iyo yega, inowanzova nehukuru hunosvika 300MB, uye chinzvimbo chayo ndicho chekutanga pane zvese. Chimiro chayo chinowanzoitwa FAT32, uye iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera kana uchibata chero chinhu pane iyi chikamu kana ipapo iwe uchafanirwa kuuya kune ino kana imwe nyanzvi blog kana iwe uchida kudzoreredza iyo GRUB kana ruzivo pane hard drive.

Imwe partition iyo inosungirwa kuve nayo ndeye mudzi (/). Kana isu tikasaita mamwe mapartitions, zvese zvichaenda kumudzi, ese ari maviri ekushandisa system mafaira uye mafaera ekugadzirisa, pakati pawo pachavawo neaya ega ega evashandisi vese vakanyoresa pakombuta.

Kana kupokana kwako kwaive uku, ndeapi mapartitions zvakakodzera kuti ishande Ubuntu chero chikonzero, chinyorwa hachisina chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kwauri. Munyaya yekutsvaga chimwe chinhu, muchikamu chinotevera tinotsanangura chimwe chinhu chinonakidza, kunyanya izvo munhu wekutanga akandidzidzisa chimwe chinhu nezveLinux akandiudza.

mudzi, /imba uye /chinjana

Pavakatsanangura izvo kwandiri, kupatsanurwa kwebhoti kwakasiiwa kubva kune ruzivo, muchidimbu nekuti inozvimisikidza (kana yaivepo kare) patasarudza dhiraivha uye isu hatifanirwe kuita chero chinhu, asi vakandiudza nezvevatatu ava. Chikonzero chiri nyore kwazvo, rudzi rwekuparadzanisa uye kukunda, kana govana uye haungarasikirwi, kana kuti ucharasikirwa zvishoma.

Kana munhu achida kuita distro-hopping paLinux, uye kugovera hakuna kumbosiyana zvekuti zvingave dambudziko kuchengetedza dzimwe shanduko, zvakakodzera kuve nefolda. / imba yakaparadzaniswa nevamwe. Mu / imba ichaenda maforodha ega evashandisi vese vakanyoresa muchikwata, uye mumwe nemumwe achave nemagwaro avo uye mafaera ekugadzirisa. Pfungwa ndeyokuti mafaera aya haana kurasika mushure mekuisazve, uye kana zvatiri kuzodzosera zviri izvo zvakafanana sisitimu yekushandisa yatakanga taisa, nekusafometa iyo / imba yekuparadzanisa isu tichave nezvose zviri panzvimbo yayo.

Kana isu tikaisazve tisina kufometa iyo / imba yekuparadzanisa, sisitimu yekushandisa inogona kutiratidza mamwe mameseji ekukanganisa, senge kana isingakwanise kuisa maapplication atakanga taisa panguva yekuita. Asi chinhu chakanaka ndechekuti mafaera ekugadzirisa achange ari muforodha, saka kana uchiisa chirongwa chataive takaisa tisati tadzoreredza, iyo inogadziriswa ichave sezvazvaive.

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchindifarira, kuti muGIMP ini ndinosiya kuruboshwe kwepanera rimwe chete uye iwe wakachengeta matemplate, paunodzosera system yacho uye wodzosera GIMP zvese zvinenge zviri munzvimbo yayo. Kana isu tine Visual Studio Code ine akawanda marongero kana bhurawuza rakanyatsogadziridzwa, zvese zvichadzokera kune zvazvaive isu tisati tave nedambudziko rakaita kuti tifunge kudzoreredza.

Nezve / chikamu chekumba: usatore pasi

Mumwe anogona kufunga kuti iyo / imba yekuparadzanisa haina kukosha pakushanda kweiyo sisitimu yekushandisa, uye ivo vangave vari vakarurama. Asi ndinokuudzai kuti inongoenda chete. Imwe nguva yapfuura ndakazvisimbisa ini pachangu: I had a SSD dhisiki ye128GB uye hard drive ye1TB, uye ndakafunga "kana paine chete data uye zvinyorwa mukati / kumba, ipapo ndinoiisa pane hard drive". Zvinoita senge pasina-kukanganisa mhedziso, asi mutsauko wekuita unozoonekwa, uye wakawanda. Zvese zvinoita sezvinonoka, uye zvinhu zvinowedzera kuipa kana tikagadzira muchina chaiwo. Kuve pane hard drive, zvine nguva yakaoma kufamba.

Kana isu tiine nzvimbo, iyo / imba folda zvakare inofanirwa kunge iri paSSD (kana isu tine). Kana zvikaitika kuti tine nzvimbo yakawanda pane hard drive, saka tinogona kusiya zvinyorwa zvakadai se mimhanzi uye mafirimu, uye gadzira symlinks kune Mimhanzi uye Vhidhiyo maforodha mune yedu pachedu folda. Sezvo magwaro chete anofanirwa kuverengwa, kumhanya hakuna kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, ndinokuudza kubva pane zvakaitika.

Iyo / chinja nzvimbo: oxygen shoma

Inogona kunge iri fungidziro yemunhu, asi ndinofunga kuti nekufamba kwemakore kune kushoma uye kushoma kutaura pamusoro pekuparadzanisa /swap. Makore mazhinji apfuura, pataive nemakomputa ane 1GB ye RAM, zvinhu zvaive zvakasiyana, asi ikozvino, kana chero komputa isina kusimba yatova ne4GB ye RAM, hazvina kudaro. Kwete zvakanyanya, asi zvinogona kuuya zvakanaka.

Iyo swap partition muLinux inzvimbo yehard drive inoshandiswa chengetedza kwenguva pfupi ndangariro isinga shandiswe mu RAM. Kana RAM izere, Linux inoshandisa iyo yekuchinjisa partition kusunungura nzvimbo mu RAM kubvumira sisitimu kuti irambe ichimhanya. Ichi chikamu chinogona zvakare kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo huwandu hukuru hwendangariro huri kushandiswa, senge kana uchimhanyisa ndangariro-yakanyanya maapplication kana pakuita basa mundima yesainzi yedata. Kana chimwe chinhu padanho remushandisi, kana uchidhonza graphic software, senge vhidhiyo mupepeti. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kupatsanurana kunogona kubatsira kuona kuti sisitimu haipere mundangariro.

Kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuita hibernate komputa, kusvika padanho rekuti sarudzo yekuiisa muhubernation inonyangarika (kana kuti isingaonekwe) pane mamwe makomputa kana mari inodiwa isati yasiiwa.

Iyo swap partition inogadzirwa kana inofanirwa kugadzirwa panguva yekumisikidzwa kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu, uye inowanzowanikwa mune yakaparadzana faira kubva kune huru faira system. Iyo swap partition inogona zvakare kuve faira pane huru faira system, kunyangwe izvi zvisingakurudzirwe sezvo zvichigona kudzikisira sisitimu.

Uye yakawanda sei inofanira kusiiwa kune ichi chikamu? Ndinofunga kana iwe ukakanda mubvunzo iwoyo mubhari yelinux, pachava nekurwa. Ndakanzwa nezve zvese, uye zvese zvakasiyana. Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kuti swap partition ine kanenge kaviri saizi ye RAM yakaiswa muhurongwa. Semuenzaniso, kana komputa yako iine 8 GB ye RAM, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uve neinenge 16 GB swap partition.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kunyangwe iyo swap partition inogona kubatsira mune mamwe mamiriro, haifanirwe kutariswa semhinduro yekushaikwa kwe RAM. Kana sisitimu yedu iri kushandisa kupatsanurana nguva zhinji, zvakanakisa zvatingaite, kana zvichibvira, kuwedzera RAM.

Mudzi: … mudzi wezvose

Mudzi uri mukati iyo system yese yekushandisa inofanira kuenda kupi. Zvakafanana neC: muWindows, uko zvese zvakaiswa uye, kubva pazviri, zvimwe. Muchikamu chemidzi (/) ndipo patinowana akakosha maforodha uye atinofanira kungwarira zvakanyanya, senge /bin uye /etc.

Pamusoro pehukuru hunofanira kusara, ipfungwa shoma yeumwe neumwe. Zvangu ndezvekuti hazvifanirwe kusiya nzvimbo yakawanda, nekuti zvirongwa muLinux, kunze kwekunge akawanda snap uye flatpak mapakeji akaiswa, anowanzo diki (anowedzerwa nekugovaniswa kutsamira nemamwe mapurogiramu). ubuntu inogona kuiswa zvakakwana mu20GB, uye taigona kuisa mapurogiramu akati wandei kusvika mudzi wedu wapera nzvimbo. Nokuti pano tiri kutaura nezvenyaya iyo iyo / imba folda yakaparadzaniswa, uye iri mukati / kumba iyo mafaira makuru achave, pakati payo pachava nemimhanzi, mafirimu nemitambo inogona kuva muIO format.

Zvino, dai waindibvunza kuti imarii yekusiya, ndaingoti kaviri, inenge 40GB kuitira kuti vanopfuura makumi matatu varambe vakasununguka mushure mekuiswa.

Maitiro ekugadzira zvikamu muUbuntu

Ndinoziva kuti kune vanhu vanozoramba vachiti zvimwe zvikamu zvinodiwa, uye pamwe pane mamwe mafaera masisitimu, asi Ndinofunga kuti nevatatu ava taiva nazvo zvakanaka. Kana pane chimwe chinhu, zvakare taura nezvazvo, kana tine nzvimbo, siya chikamu che data muchimiro chekuchengetedza, uye saizi yekupa ichaenderanawo nezvinodiwa zvemumwe nemumwe. Ehe, isu tinofanirwa kusarudza iyo fomati zvakanaka: EXT4 ndiyo yemuno uye inonyanya kushandiswa muLinux, asi BTRFS ndiyo ichashandiswa mune ramangwana uye kana isu tichidawo kuishandisa neWindows (dualboot), zvatichafanira kuita. ndiyo fomati iyo chikamu seNTFS kana ExFAT.

Mushure mekutsanangura zvese izvi, nzira yekugadzira zvikamu muUbuntu inofanira kuitwa panguva yekuiswa. Munhanho yatinoona "Dzimwe sarudzo", isu tinosarudza izvo uye isu tichapinda rudzi rwekugovera maneja.

Kana dhisiki isina chinhu, tinodzvanya pane plus chiratidzo pazasi kuruboshwe uye tinogadzira zvikamu. Sezvakatsanangurwa pano, tinofanira kuzvisiya sezvizvi:

• /boot/efi: 300mb saizi uye yakarongwa muFAT32. Nekudzvanya kwekurudyi tinofanira kuimaka sechikamu chebhutsu. Pagomo tichaona chete /boot/efi, kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana, sezvo ichigona kusiyana kubva kune imwe yekuisa kune imwe.
• / (mudzi): saizi, kana zvichibvira, inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pe30GB, iyo kunyangwe ichokwadi kuti vangave vasina kudikanwa, ichokwadi zvakare kuti zviri nani kuve wakachengeteka pane urombo.
• / kumba: iyo yega folda yatinosiya iyo inodiwa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza magwaro edu ese. Uye chenjera kushandisa hard drive.
• /swap: nzvimbo yekuchinjana, iyo hurongwa huchashandisa kufema kana isingakwanise kubata nebasa ratiri kukumbira kuti riite. Ndiko zvakare uko chikamu chichachengetedzwa kwenguva pfupi kana tikarara, saka zvinokurudzirwa kusiya inokwana hafu yemuviri wedu RAM.

Kana iri / imba nemidzi, inogona kuumbwa kana kwete; Kana isu tichida kuchengetedza yakapfuura gadziriso, / imba inofanira kusiiwa isina kurongeka.

Uye izvi zvingava zvose. Kana zvikaitwa seizvi, kuisazve hakuzombove dambudziko.