Fumana idilesi yakho ye-IP yasesidlangalaleni okanye yabucala kwiGnu / Linux

Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kubona ukuba kwenzeka njani fumana idilesi ye-IP yoluntu kunye neyabucala kwinkqubo yethu Ubuntu. Namhlanje zonke izixhobo zethu eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi zine-IP, ebisisazisi sayo kwihlabathi. Ngale IP kwi-Intanethi kuya kubakho irekhodi leentshukumo esizenzayo, nangona "sinokufihla" umkhondo wethu ngokusebenzisa ummeli okanye uqhagamshelo lweVPN.

Kwilizwe lothungelwano, kukho uthotho lwemigaqo esisiseko ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo, i-IP yoluntu okanye yabucala zihlala zisemilebeni kubo bonke abalawuli benethiwekhi. Olona luvo lusisiseko, kodwa yenye yezona zibaluleke kakhulu, yidilesi ye-IP. Khumbula ukuba I-IP sisicatshulwa seProtocol ye-Intanethi, ephuhliswe njenge-ID eyahlukileyo, eyinombolo, enikezelwe kwisixhobo esixhumeke kwinethiwekhi, zombini ngokwamandla kunye nangamandla.

Namhlanje iidilesi zihlala kunye IPv4 (yenziwe zii-octet ezine) njengaye IPv6 (i-128-bit isekwe). Sikwinto eyaziwa ngokuba lixesha "lenguquko" njengenye imini esiya kushiyeka ngayo ziidilesi ze-IPv6 kuphela.

Izixhobo ezixhumeke kwi-intanethi zineentlobo ezimbini zeedilesi ze-IP:

• IP yoluntu. Yidilesi esiya kuyo kwi-intanethi, leyo inomncedisi wewebhu okanye inkonzo enikezelwa kwiwebhu.
• IP yabucala. Yidilesi yommandla wasekhaya okanye inethiwekhi yabucala esinokuthi sixhume kuyo iikhompyuter okanye izixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Le dilesi ayisiyiyo oyibonayo kwi-Intanethi.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuyakufuneka siyazi idilesi ye-IP yomatshini wethu okanye umzila wethu. Ngesi sizathu, kwesi sifundo siza kubona ukuba sizifumana njani ezi zinto iidilesi ku-Ubuntu.

Fumana idilesi ye-IP yabucala kwi-Gnu / Linux

Ukufumana idilesi ye-IP yabucala siya kuba neenketho ezininzi, apha siza kubona ezinye.

Inketho 1

Owokuqala ngumyalelo ekufuneka wonke umntu azi ngawo, ifconfig. Siwenza lo mthetho kwisiphelo sendlela (Ctrl + Alt + T) ngokuchwetheza:

ifconfig

Siyabona ukuba idilesi ye-IPv4 yekhompyuter endenza kuyo i-192.168.0.101. Kwaye ingezantsi nje kwale dilesi sinedilesi ye-inet6, ye-IPv6.

Inketho 2

Elinye ithuba esinalo kukwenza lo mthetho ulandelayo:

ip route

Inketho 3

Oku akunzima kwaphela, njengoko ubona. Sinokulufumana olu lwazi ngokucacileyo. Kuya kufuneka siye kuphela ku "Useto lweNkqubo" okanye "Uqwalaselo" kwaye ungene kwiNethwekhi, uya kubona into efana nale ilandelayo:

Fumana idilesi ye-IP yoluntu kwiGnu / Linux

Emva koko siza kukhangela idilesi ye-IP yoluntu. Ngale nto siza kuba neendlela ngeendlela, masibone ezinye zazo:

Inketho 1

Kukhetho lokuqala esiphakamisayo siza kufuna i-curlUkuba awuyifaki, sebenzisa lo mthetho ulandelayo:

sudo apt install curl

Nje ukuba sifakele i-curl, sinokwenza lo myalelo kwisiphelo sendlela:

curl ifconfig.me

Njengoko ubona kwisikrini, siza kuba nethuba lokusebenzisa abanye:

curl ifconfig.co

curl icanhazip.com

Inketho 2

Olunye ukhetho lokufumana ulwazi olufanayo kukusebenzisa myalelo wget, Onamandla okukhuphela umgca wokuyalela oxhasa iiprotocol ezahlukeneyo ezinjenge-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-FTP, kunye nezinye. Ingayi isetyenziswe kwiiwebhusayithi zomntu wesithathu ukujonga idilesi ye-IP yoluntu ngokusebenzisa le miyalelo elandelayo:

wget -qO- ifconfig.co/ip

wget -qO- http://ipecho.net/plain

Inketho 3

Isixhobo sokumba (Ulwazi lwendawo yengingqisisixhobo esenzelwe vavanya iiseva zamagama e-DNS. Ukuba into oyifunayo kukukwazi ukuqinisekisa idilesi ye-IP yoluntu, sinokusebenzisa indlela ye- isisombululo seopendns.com ukwenza lo mthetho ulandelayo:

dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com

Siya kuba nakho uku Sebenzisa i-dig command ngokusebenzisa i-google DNS Chwetheza lo myalelo ulandelayo kwisiphelo sendlela:

dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com

Yomibini le miyalelo inika iziphumo ezifanayo, kodwa abanye abasebenzisi bathi i-Google's DNS iyakhawuleza, ngelixa abanye besithi iyacotha. Ngokufumana amathuba omabini, wonke umntu unokwenza isigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na iseva ye-DNS ayisebenzisileyo.

Inketho 4

Umyalelo wokubamba yindlela elula yokusebenzisa umgca wokuyalela owenziwayo Ukujonga kwe-DNS. Ngalo myalelo ulandelayo sinokubona idilesi yoluntu yenkqubo yokusebenza:

host myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com | grep "myip.opendns.com has" | awk '{print $4}'

Inketho 5

I-Nslookup yinkqubo esetyenziselwa Yazi ukuba ngaba i-DNS isombulula ngokuchanekileyo amagama kunye nee-IPs. Njengokuba sisebenzisa i-dig command, sinokuwusebenzisa lo mthetho ngokuchasene ne-opendns ngokuchwetheza:

nslookup myip.opendns.com resolver1.opendns.com

Kwaye nathi sinako Sebenzisa i-google DNS ukuchwetheza:

nslookup -querytype=TXT o-o.myaddr.l.google.com ns1.google.com

Inketho 6

Siya kuba nakho uku yazi idilesi yethu yoluntu ngokubonisana namaphepha ewebhu. Ukuba awazi nto, nazi ezinye izixhumanisi kumaphepha alolu hlobo:

•  IPLOCATION - Isixhumanisi.
•  BONA IP YAM - Isixhumanisi.
•  GEOIPVIEW - Isixhumanisi.
•  YINTONI IP IP - Isixhumanisi.
•  YINTONI IP IP YAM! Isixhumanisi.