GNUstep yiseti yeelayibrari zeNjongo-C ubhetyebhetye ngenxa ye ingcaciso yokuqala ye OpenStep Iphuhliswe yi-NEXT (ngoku ephethwe yi-Apple kwaye ibandakanywe kwi-Mac OS X).
Indawo esingqongileyo luphawulwa ngokubonelela ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lwesicelo esijolise kwinto kunye neseti yezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezininzi zeeplatifti zekhompyutha. Funda ngakumbi malunga neprojekthi ye-GNUstep, ezinye iindlela, njl.
Malunga ne-GNUstep
GNUstep Uvela kanye emva kokushiya kwakhe u-Apple, ongasekhoyo uSteve Jobs, waseka inkampani entsha, i-NEXT, ngenjongo yokuvelisa ikhompyutha egqibeleleyo.
Ngowe-1989, inkqubo yokusebenza yakhululwa kuba lo matshini, ebizwa Inyathelo elilandelayo. Nangona ekuqaleni ifumaneka kuphela kwiCube Elandelayo, i-NeXTSstep ibe nefuthe elikhulu.
Isikhangeli sewebhu sokuqala, iWorldWideWeb (kamva yathiywa ngokuba yi-Nexus), yaphuhliswa kulo matshini. (Umbhali, u-Tim Berners-Lee, ubanga ukuba isikhangeli sakhe ngebengenzeki ngaphandle kwendawo yophuhliso ebalaseleyo ye-NEXTSstep.) Enye isoftware ephuhliswe koomatshini abalandelayo yiDoom.
Emva kweminyaka embalwa, Kwi-1993, i-NEXT isebenzisana ne-Sun ukuvelisa iinkcukacha ze-OpenStep. Yayiluguqulelo olulula lwe-NEXT APIs, ejoliswe kuphuhliso lweqonga elinqamlezileyo kwaye oku kwahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini:
- Enye yazo i-Toolkit ebonelele ngamathala eencwadi akwinqanaba elisezantsi njengemitya, i-associative arrays, kunye nefayile ye-I / O.
- Kwaye enye yayikwiikhithi zesicelo banikezela ngezixhobo ze-GUI kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nazo.
Ilanga lixhase ngokufutshane i-OpenStep kwiSolaris, ngelixa i-NeXT ikhuphe inguqulelo entsha yenkqubo yabo yokusebenza, edidayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-OPENSTEP, eye yenziwa yafumaneka kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-x86, kunye ne-NeXT nayo ibonelele ngokuphunyezwa kwenkcazo esebenza kwiWindows.
Ngalo mzuzu, iProjekthi ye-GNU yayinomdla kakhulu kwinkqubo i-NeXT. Abaninzi babone i-OPENSTEP njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo ye-UNIX. Ngexesha, inkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU yayijongwe ukuba ifane kakhulu ne-NeXTSstep.
Apha kubalulekile ukuqaphela oko iGNU HURD kernel yakhelwe phezu kweziseko ezifanayo yeMach kuneNeXTSstep, kodwa ngoyilo olunamabhongo ngakumbi. Umaleko wojongano lwegraphical ubunokunikezelwa ngokuphunyezwa kwe-GNU ye-NeXT APIs.
Iprojekthi ye-GNUstep ngenene yafumana amandla emva kokukhululwa kwenkcazo ye-OpenStep ngo-1994, kodwa ikhathazwa yimiba ethile.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili nge-GNUstep yayikukuba bambalwa abaphuhlisi abaye bavezwa kwi-NeXTSstep okanye OPENSTEP. Emva koko kwafika ukufunyanwa kwe-Apple kwe-NEXT, eyehlisa ixabiso le-NeXT hardware kwaye yazisa inkqubo yokusebenza ye-NeXTSstep.
Njengoko besanda abaphuhlisi beqhelana nobuhle be-OpenStep API ngokuphunyezwa kwe-Apple, eyaziwa ngokuba yiCocoa, umdla kule projekthi uye wavuselelwa. Ngoo-2000s, i-GNUstep iphumeze ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwayo yonke ingcaciso ye-OpenStep yoqobo, kunye nezandiso ezahlukeneyo kwi-OS X.
I-GNUstep kernel ibonelela ngoguqulelo lomthombo ovulekileyo we-APIs kunye nezixhobo zeCocoa ezixhasa amaqonga ahlukeneyo adumileyo. I-GNUstep ibonelela ngomiliselo olomeleleyo lwe-AppKit kunye namathala eencwadi eSiseko, kunye nezixhobo zophuhliso, kubandakanywa umyili we-interface ophambili iGorm (InterfaceBuilder) kunye neProjectCenter IDE (ProjectBuilder / Xcode).
GNUstep ifuna ukuhambelana nekhowudi yomthombo weCocoa, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa nokwakha izicelo ezinqamlezayo phakathi kweMacintosh (Cocoa), i-Unix (i-Solaris) kunye ne-Unix-efana (i-GNU / Linux kunye ne-GNU / Hurd, i-NetBSD, i-OpenBSD, i-FreeBSD iiplatifomu) kunye neWindows.
I-GNUstep ayibhalwanga ngo-C. Olona lwimi lophuhliso lwe-GNUstep yi-Objective-C, kodwa i-GNUstep ayiphelelanga apho.
Amathala eencwadi e-GNUstep akhuselwe yi-GNU eNgaphantsi kweLayisensi yoLuntu (iThala leencwadi). Oku kuthetha ngokubanzi ukuba ungasebenzisa la mathala kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo (kwaneenkqubo ezingezizo ezasimahla) ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ilayisensi yenkqubo yakho okanye naliphi na elinye ithala leencwadi iGNUstep eqhagamshelwe kulo.
Ukuba usasaza amathala eencwadi e-GNUstep ngenkqubo yakho, kufuneka wenze uphuculo olwenzileyo kwiilayibrari ze-GNUstep zifumaneke simahla. Izixhobo ze-GNUstep ezizimeleyo zinelayisensi phantsi komgangatho we-GPL.
Gqibela ukuba unomdla wokwazi ngakumbi ngayo, ungazijonga iinkcukacha kwi ikhonkco elandelayo