Umyalelo we-Grep: isixhobo esinamandla sokufumana isicatshulwa kwiTheminali

Phantse nabani na onekhompyuter okanye osebenza nomnye baya kuyazi indlela emfutshane yebhodi yezitshixo Ctrl + F ukufumana isicatshulwa. U "F" umele u "Fumana", "ukufumana" ngesiNgesi, kwaye unokusetyenziswa, umzekelo, ukufumana isicatshulwa kwiphepha lewebhu. Le ndlela imfutshane ikwafumaneka kwizicelo ezininzi, kukho iinkqubo ezisebenzisa u "B" xa ufuna "uPhendlo, kodwa ezi ndlela zimfutshane zisebenza kuphela ukuba singaphakathi kwesicelo kwaye nefayile ivulekile. Kwi-Linux sinezixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu esinokuzisebenzisa ukusuka kwiTheminali kwaye ukuba sifuna njalo fumana nasiphi na isicatshulwa esikweli qela lethu siya kusebenzisa lo myalelo ukubamba.

ukubamba Umyalelo oya kusinceda sifumane isicatshulwa ngaphakathi kwifayile esiyibonisayo. Igama layo livela g / re / p, umyalelo osebenzela into efanayo kumhleli wombhalo we-Unix / Linux. Njengeminye imiyalelo emininzi, ukubamba Zininzi iinketho ezikhoyo esiza kuzongeza ngohlobo loonobumba elowo uya kusebenza umsebenzi owahlukileyo. Ngokudibanisa olu khetho siya kuba nakho ukwenza uphando oluntsonkothileyo kwifayile enye okanye nangaphezulu. Apha sikubonisa yonke into ekufuneka uyazi.

nge ukubamba Siza kufumana nasiphi na isicatshulwa nakweyiphi na ifayile

Okokuqala siza kuchaza iindlela ezikhoyo:

• -i: ayizukuhlula phakathi kwelona liphezulu nelisezantsi.
• -w: inyanzele ukuba ifumane kuphela amagama athile.
• -v: ukhetha imigca engahambelani.
• -n: bonisa inani lomgca ngamagama aceliweyo.
• -h: isusa isimaphambili kwigama lefayile yeUnix kwimveliso.
• -r: ukhangela imikhombandlela ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
• -R: Njenge -r kodwa landela lonke ikhonkco lokomfuziselo.
• -l: ibonisa kuphela amagama efayile enemigca ekhethiweyo.
• -c-Ubonisa inani elinye kuphela kwifayile yemigca ekhethiweyo.
• -Umbala: Ibonisa iipateni ezifanayo kwimibala.

Kumfanekiso osisihloko kulo mbhalo ndikhangele igama elithi "Imifanekiso" kwifayile "830.desktop" ekuloo ndlela. Njengoko ubona, ndibhalile:

grep Imágenes /home/pablinux/Documentos/830.desktop

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kweli nqaku siza kubhala imizekelo ekufuneka iguqulwe ngokokhetho lwethu lokhangelo. Ngokuthi "Ifayile", "iLizwi", njl., Siya kubhekisa kwifayile kunye nendlela yayo. Ukuba bendivele ndibhale "grep Images 830.desktop" ngendifumene umyalezo othi ifayile ayikho. Okanye iya kuba ngaphandle kokuba ifayile ibikwisikhombisi sengcambu.

Eminye imizekelo iya kuba:

• grep -iimifanekiso / ikhaya / pablinux/Imibhalo / i-830.desktop, apho "imifanekiso" iya kuba ligama esifuna ukulifumana kunye nefayile eseleyo nendlela yayo. Lo mzekelo unokukhangela "imifanekiso" kwifayile "830.desktop" imeko engakhathaliyo.
• grep -R imifanekiso: inokukhangela kuyo yonke imigca yesikhombisi kunye nazo zonke izikhombisi ezingaphantsi apho igama "imifanekiso" lifunyenwe.
• grep -c umzekelo wovavanyo.txt: oku kuya kujonga kuthi kwaye kubonise inani elipheleleyo lamaxesha "umzekelo" ubonakala kwifayile ebizwa ngokuba "test.txt.

Nge grep sinokukhangela iifayile

Ukuba into esiyifunayo kukufumana ifayile 830.desktop, siya kubhala lo myalelo ulandelayo:

grep 830.desktop

Oku kuyakwenza khangela ifayile «830.desktop» kwifolda yethu yobuquNgamanye amagama, ukuba ifayile ikwisilawuli somnye umsebenzisi, ayisayi kufunyanwa. Le yeyona nto iqhelekileyo emhlabeni kuba umsebenzisi akanayo imvume yokufikelela kumxholo wenye ngaphandle kwephasiwedi.

Uyenza njani into yokukhangela ephindayo

ukubamba ikwasivumela yenza uphando ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo ephindaphindiweyo okanye izikhokelo. Umzekelo, funda zonke iifayile kulawulo ngalunye oluqulethe igama "Pablinux". Ngale nto siza kubhala:

grep -r Pablinux /home/

Kulungile:

grep -R Pablinux /home/

Siza kubona iziphumo ze "Pablinux" kumgca owahlukileyo owandulelwe ligama lefayile eyafunyanwa kuyo. Ukuba asifuni ukubona amagama efayile kwimveliso yedatha siya kusebenzisa -h ukhetho (ukusuka "fihla"; fihla):

grep -h -R Pablinux /home/

Singajoyina ukhetho kwaye sibhale "-hR" ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa.

Ukwenza uphendlo lwamagama ngokuchanekileyo

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iifayile eziqulathe oko sifuna ukukhangela enye into. Umzekelo, oku kunokwenzeka kuthi ngamagama adibeneyo kwaye ngokukhangela "amahlathi" sinokufumana "abagadi bezinto". Ukuba sifuna fumana igama elichanekileyo Siza kusebenzisa -w ukhetho:

grep -w bosques /home/pablinux/Documentos/vacaciones.txt

Lo myalelo ungasentla uza kukhangela "amahlathi", engakhathaleli abagcini, kwifayile "vacation.txt" kwindlela ekhonjisiweyo. Ukuba into esiyifunayo kukukhangela amagama amabini ahlukeneyo siya kusebenzisa lo myalelo Umzekelo:

egrep -w bosques|plantas /ruta/del/archivo

Yazi ukuba kukangaphi igama livela kwifayile

ukubamba nayo iyakwazi Bala ukuba livela kangaphi igama kwifayile. Ngale nto siza kusebenzisa -c ukhetho:

grep -c prueba /ruta/al/archivo

Ukongeza ukhetho -e into esiza kuyibona linani lomgca elivela kuwo igama.

Ukuguqula ukujonga kwakhona

Sinokwenza ngokuchaseneyo, Oko kukuthi, khangela imigca engenalo igama. Kule nto siza kusebenzisa -v ukhetho, oluya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

grep -v la ruta/al/archivo

Lo myalelo ungasentla ungabonisa yonke imigca engenalo igama "the". Oku kunokuba luncedo kumaxwebhu okanye kuluhlu apho igama liphindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi kwaye, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kufuneka singene kwimigca eseleyo.

Ukufikelela kulwazi lwenkqubo nge ukubamba

ukubamba ayikwazi kuphela ukukhangela ngaphakathi kweefayile. Kukwanjalo uyakwazi ukujonga ulwazi lwenkqubo. Kwisikrini esandulelayo sinokubona ukuba isibonisa njani ukuba yeyiphi imodeli yePC esinayo (ndiyazi ukuba ayisiyiyo ilaptop enamandla emhlabeni). Ngale nto sisebenzise lo myalelo:

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -i 'Model'

Kulungile:

grep -i 'Model' /proc/cpuinfo

Ukuba into esiyifunayo kukubona amagama eeyunithi zediski esiza kubhala:

dmesg | egrep '(s|h)d[a-z]'

Uluhlu lokudweliswa kuphela kwamagama efayile

Ukuba sifuna ukubona uluhlu olunamagama kuphela eefayile ezihambelana nophando siza kusebenzisa -l ukhetho njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:

grep -l 'main' *.c

Kwaye ukuba sifuna ukubona igama ngemibala siya kubhala:

grep --color palabra /ruta/al/archivo

Njengoko ubona, umyalelo ukubamba Yiyo isixhobo esinamandla kakhulu Kufanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimeko apho singakhumbuli apho sibhale khona into okanye kwinkqubo. Ukongeza, iyasinceda ukuba sifumane ulwazi lwenkqubo ngendlela abanokuyithanda ngayo iTheminali. Ngaba esi sikhokelo kumyalelo wokufumana isicatshulwa siluncedo kuwe ukubamba?