Indlela yokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal

Selisondele ixesha lokuba kukhutshwe inguqulelo entsha ka-Ubuntu. Xa ixesha lifika, kufuneka ucinge ukuba ngaba uya kuhlala kwinguqulelo yangoku okanye unyuke uye kwentsha. Isigqibo sinzima ngakumbi ukuba sisebenzisa uguqulelo lwe-LTS, kuba sinokukhetha ukuhlala kwinto ebekufanele ukuba izinzile, kodwa xa sikumjikelezo oqhelekileyo, into ekufuneka sithathe isigqibo ngayo kukuba sitsibe nini, okanye oko kungenjalo siyakushiyeka singenankxaso. Nokuba kungenxa yesizathu esinye okanye esinye, okanye nangaliphi na ixesha, apha siza kukufundisa indlela yokuhlaziya ubuntu kwi-terminal.

Xa umsebenzisi ekhangela i-Intanethi malunga nendlela yokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal, bangayenza ngenxa yezizathu ezibini, okanye ukuhlaziya izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: enye kukuhlaziya iipakethe; enye kukuhlaziya inkqubo yokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba eli nqaku lisebenzela wonke umntu, apha siza kuchaza zombini, ukuqala ngeepakethe, into ethi, kufuneka kuthiwe, ndicinga ukuba "umsebenzisi wokuqala we-Ubuntu".

Indlela yokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal: ukuqala ngeepakethi

Ayiyiyo yonke into ibisoloko igudileyo kwiLinux. xa ndiqala ukuyisebenzisa bekungekho zivenkile zesoftware, kwaye eyona nto yayikufutshane kuloo nto yayiyiSynaptic (Inqaku logcino), indlela yokulawula iipakethe ukusuka kujongano lomsebenzisi. Kodwa bandifundise eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo, le ndisayisebenzisa nanamhlanje kwiikhompyuter endinazo Ubuntu. Umyalelo abandifundisa wona wawusithi:

uhlaziyo lwe-sudo apt && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove

Unikwe umyalelo, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba yenza ntoni:

• sudo ngumyalelo ofunekayo ukuze ufumane amalungelo.
• Wayenyanisile ngumphathi wephakheji asetyenziswa nguBuntu.
• update izakuhlaziya iindawo zokugcina.
• Phucula izakuhlaziya iipakethe.
• ukuqhuba izakususa iipakethe ezingasafunekiyo. ILISO nale, ukuba akusoloko ingcamango elungileyo ukuyenza. Ndiyenza ngaphandle kwesiqhelo, kodwa ayinakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuba iphakheji efunwa yenye isoftware iya kususwa. Akuzange kwenzeke kum ukuba ndiphoswe yinto emva kokuyisebenzisa, kodwa ndishiya isilumkiso apho.
• && yi "logical kunye", kwaye ithetha "kunye", kodwa okoko okungasentla kwenziwe ngempumelelo. Kulo myalelo wekhompawundi, "sudo apt autoremove" iya kwenziwa kuphela ukuba "sudo apt upgrade" yenziwe ngempumelelo, kwaye "sudo apt upgrade" iya kwenziwa kuphela ukuba "sudo apt update" yenziwe ngaphandle kweempazamo. Oku, kuguqulelwe kulwimi lwabantu, kuya kuba “kukuhlaziya ulwazi kwiindawo zokugcina; ukuba bahlaziya ngempumelelo, hlaziya iipakethe; ukuba bahlaziya ngempumelelo, susa naziphi na iipakethe ezingasafunekiyo.

Yintoni esiya kuyibona xa siphumeza umyalelo wokuqala nowesibini yile nto ikwi-header capture, uluhlu olunazo zonke iipakethe eziya kuhlaziywa. Ukuba sifuna ukubona uluhlu ngendlela ecacileyo, sinokurhoxisa (n kwaye Ngena) kwaye uchwetheze kwi-terminal:

uluhlu lwe-sudo apt-luphuculwe

Ngale nto siza kuhlaziywa zonke iipakethi, kwaye yonke into eyimfuneko iya kuba sele ichaziwe ukuba umbuzo wendlela yokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal ubhekisa kuphela kwiiphakheji.

Phucula yonke inkqubo yokusebenza

Ukuba ithini impendulo kumbuzo wokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal inqanaba lenkqubo yokusebenza, siyaqhubeka. Emva kokuhlaziya zonke iipakethi, kwaye nangona kungenakufuneka, ndincoma ukuqala kwakhona ikhompyutha. Ukuba sifuna ukwenza yonke into nge-terminal, into ekufuneka siyibhale yile:

sudo kabusha

Nje ukuba uqalise kwakhona, into elandelayo ukuyenza Kuxhomekeke ekubeni sikuhlobo lwe-LTS okanye kuhlelo lomjikelo oqhelekileyo. Njengoko kumjikelo wesiqhelo kwenziwa okufanayo nakwi-LTS kodwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, sichaza onke amanyathelo, oko kukuthi, siza kucinga ukuba sikwi-LTS kwaye sifuna ukunyusela kwi-non-LTS. .

Into ekufuneka siyenze kukuxelela inkqubo yokusebenza ukuba ijonge iinguqulelo ezintsha zendlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komjikelo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sibhale lo myalelo:

sudo u-distin upgrade upgrade

Ukuba sibona ukuba uhlaziye iipakethe ezininzi, ndiza kuphinda ndiqalise kwakhona, okanye ndongeze lo myalelo kuluhlu olungasentla kwaye ndiqalise kwakhona xa yonke inkqubo igqityiwe. Ukuba bambalwa abahlaziyiweyo, ndicinga ukuba sinokuqhubeka ngamanyathelo ohlaziyo ngokwalo.

1. Ngoku sivula i-terminal kwaye sibhale:

sudo nano /Njl/update-umlawuli/Ukukhululwa-phuculo

2. Siskrolela apho ithi "prompt=lts" kwaye siyitshintshe ibe "prompt=normal".

3. Sicofa u-Ctrl+O, emva koko u-Enter emva koko u-Ctrl+X. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lwenziwe, sinokucinezela utolo oluphezulu kwibhodibhodi kwaye siphinde singenise umyalelo osuka kwisinyathelo sangaphambili. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile, siphuma ngo-Ctrl+X.
4. Apha kulapho isebenza khona kwiinguqulelo ezingezizo eze-LTS. Kwi-terminal sibhala ukuphucula ukukhutshwa kwe-sudo. Ukuba kukho inguqulelo entsha, umyalezo omde uya kuvela. Siskrolela phezulu, sibone amanani kunye negama loguqulelo olutsha kwaye ucinezele u-S (ka-Ewe, okanye u-Y ukuba ngesiNgesi) kwaye emva koko u-Enter. Ungacinezela u-S kwaye ungene ngokuthe ngqo ukuba awufuni ukubona naluphi na ulwazi oluboniswa yi-terminal.

5. Okulandelayo siza kubona ukuba iqala ukusebenza, ukuhlaziya ii-repositories kunye nabanye. Silindile.
6. Siza kubona into efana nale ingasentla kwakhona. Ukuba asifuni kwazi enye into okanye simise ufakelo, cofa u-S uze emva koko u-Enter. Nge-D siya kubona iinkcukacha zofakelo (andiyicebisi; ixesha lilahlekile).

7. Siza kubona kwakhona ukuba iqala ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo naxa sihlaziya iipakethe kwi-terminal. Silindele ukuba inkqubo igqitywe. Kungathatha ixesha ngokuxhomekeke kuqhagamshelo lwakho kunye nento omawuyifake.

8. Emva kwexeshana, iipakethe ezingaseyomfuneko ziya kukhutshwa. Linyathelo elifana kakhulu nelangaphambili, kodwa ngeli xesha liya kucima into engasafunekiyo.

9. Emva kokuba sisuse yonke into engasekho mfuneko, siya kubona enye ifestile ethi "ewe / hayi", kodwa ngeli xesha ukuqala kwakhona. Kungcono ukucofa iqhosha lika-S uze emva koko u-Enter.

10. Nje ukuba siqaliswe ngokutsha siya kuba kuhlobo olutsha lwe-Ubuntu, kodwa andizukuyishiya apha. Bendiya kubuyela kwicandelo lohlaziyo lweepakethe kwaye ndiyenze kwakhona, ke siya kuba nenkqubo entsha kunye nazo zonke iipakethe ezihlaziyiweyo.

Malunga neLTS ukuya kuhlaziyo lweLTS

Yonke into echazwe apha ikwasebenza nasekuhlaziyweni ukusuka kuhlelo lwe-LTS ukuya kwenye i-LTS, kodwa ingcaciso enye kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo: ICanonical ayidli ngokuvula uhlaziyo ukusuka kwenye iLTS ukuya kwenye de kukhutshwe inqaku elinye. Umzekelo, awukhange ulusebenze uhlaziyo lwe-22.04 de bakhuphe i-22.04.1 ISO. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, ngaphezulu kwesithathu kunesithandathu, kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba uhlaziyo alunakwenziwa ngo-Epreli; kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci kude kube nguAgasti.

Kwaye ngale nto, sinethemba lokuba icacile indlela yokuhlaziya Ubuntu kwi-terminal.