Uyenza njani ipassword eyomeleleyo kwaye uyijonge kwisiphelo sendlela

Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kujonga ezinye zeendlela yenza iiphasiwedi ezinamandla ezivela kwisiphelo. Namhlanje, ukubaluleka kwegama eligqithisiweyo elineeleta ezininzi, iisimboli, amanani, njl.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba namhlanje amaqonga amaninzi asicela ukuba sibe negama lokugqitha ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zethu, zethu imeyile, ukufikelela kwi-intranet yeofisi, ukufikelela kwiibhanki, njl., Kwaye ukuba asinayo Igama eligqithisiweyo, kungekudala okanye kamva sinokuphela sinengxaki enkulu yokhuseleko.

Amanqaku aqhelekileyo okuthathela ingqalelo ukwenza iphasiwedi ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo kunye neyomeleleyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Kufuneka sisebenzise iisimboli, amanani, oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci.
• Sukusebenzisa imihla ebalulekileyo yobuqu okanye yoluntu, iinombolo zomnxeba, iinombolo zezazisi, njl.
• Iphasiwedi elungileyo kufuneka ube nenani elikhulu labalinganiswa. Ngale nto kwaye silandela iingqwalaselo zangaphambili siya kuba nakho ukwenza ipassword yethu "phantse" ingenzeki ukuyifumana.

Xa kufuneka singenise igama eligqithisiweyo kwesinye sezixhobo zethu, sisebenzisa esi kulula ukukhumbula. Ngaphandle kokuthetha, oku kucinga ngezihlandlo ezininzi ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima evumela abahlaseli ukuba babaxhaphaze ngokusekwe kulwazi abalwaziyo ngathi okanye ngokuhlaselwa ngamandla. Ukuphucula olu khuseleko, kufuneka sisebenzise amanye amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengokusebenzisa amagama okugqitha esinokuzivelisa ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Emva koko siza kubona iindlela ezahlukeneyo esinokuthi senze ngayo iipassword ngokungagungqi kwisiphelo sendlela yethu, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokongezwa kwesoftware. La maphasiwedi anokusebenziseka ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zonke iinkonzo ezifuna igama eligqithisiweyo. Ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba iipasile ezenziwe ngokungenakwenziwa kunzima ukuzikhumbula, ke kuyakufuneka sifumane indlela yokuzigcina ziluncedo.

Uyenza njani ipassword eyomeleleyo ku-Ubuntu

Ukubhala eli nqaku ndisebenzisa Ubuntu 16.04. Kwi-Gnu / Linux sinezixhobo ezithile ezisinika amandla okwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iphasiwedi ekhuselekileyo.

Kwimeko yokungabinazo ezi zixhobo, sinokuzifaka sisebenzisa ulandelelwano lomyalelo olulandelayo kwisiphelo sendlela (Ctrl + Alt + T):

sudo apt install gnupg2 && sudo apt install openssl

GPG

Ukuba sifuna yenza iphasiwedi usebenzisa i GPGSiza kwenza lo myalelo ulandelayo:

gpg --gen-random --armor 1 32

OpenSSL

Ukuba sikhetha se benzisa OpenSSL ukuvelisa iphasiwedi yethu ekhuselekileyoKuya kufuneka sisebenzise lo myalelo ulandelayo:

openssl rand -base64 32

wabonwa

Olunye ukhetho olo esinokuyisebenzisa ukwenza iphasiwedi yethu ekhuselekileyo yi-APG, Isifinyezo se Ijenali yokuGcina yePhasiwedi Iza ifakwe ku-Ubuntu nakwiziphumo zayo. Ukuqalisa umyalelo kuya kufuneka sichwetheze kwisiphelo sendlela (Ctrl + Alt + T):

apg

Yinkqubo eyilelwe ukuvelisa amagama okugqitha "ngentloko". Ukuba uyiqhuba ngokulula, iyakukucela uthotho lweedatha oza kusebenza nayo, kwaye isekwe kuloo nto kwaye iya kwenza igama "elikhunjulwayo". ecaleni kwephasiwedi iya kusibonisa ukukhutshelwa kwefonetiki ukuze sikwazi ukukhumbula ngcono iphasiwedi.

Imiyalelo yesiphelo

Ukongeza kwizixhobo esizibonileyo, siya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa uthotho lwe imiyalelo eya kuthi ivelise amagama agqithisiweyo. Kuya kufuneka ubhale omnye wale migca kwisiphelo sendlela (Ctrl + Alt + T):

date +%s | sha256sum | base64 | head -c 32 ; echo
< /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c${1:-32};echo;  
tr -cd '[:alnum:]' < /dev/urandom | fold -w30 | head -n1 
strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 30 | tr -d '\n'; echo 

< /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c32 
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=32 2>/dev/null | base64 -w 0 | rev | cut -b 2- | rev
</dev/urandom tr -dc '12345!@#$%qwertQWERTasdfgASDFGzxcvbZXCVB' | head -c32; echo ""
randpw(){ < /dev/urandom tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c${1:-16};echo;} && randpw

Qho xa sisenza nayiphi na le miyalelo, ipaswedi eya kuyenza iya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayizukuhambelana nayo nayiphi na enye eyenziweyo ngaphambili.

Ungawajonga njani amandla egama eligqithisiweyo ku-Ubuntu

Abantu abaninzi banokucinga ukuba iphasiwedi oyisebenzisayo yomelele. Ukujonga ukuba oku kuyinyani, siya kufuna kuphela ukufaka usetyenziso olubiziweyo iqhekeza. Ngaba Ihlalutya yonke imiba yegama eligqithisiweyo kwaye isinike iziphumo. Ukufaka i-cracklib ku-Ubuntu okanye kwi-Debian siza kusebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo:

sudo apt-get install libcrack2

Setha iphasiwedi

Nje ukuba isicelo sifakwe siza kusebenzisa cracklib-khangela iparameter ukujonga imeko yegama eligqithisiweyo. Umzekelo, siza kuhlalutya iphasiwedi elula kakhulu neyaziwayo. Kwisiphelo siza kubhala:

echo "1234abc" | cracklib-check

Singajonga kwakhona iphasiwedi eyomeleleyo usebenzisa:

cat|cracklib-check

Kuya kufuneka khuphela iphasiwedi ukuze uqinisekise kwisiphelo sendlela kwaye lo myalelo uza kusibonisa iziphumo. Ukuba iziphumo zilungile kubonisa ukuba igama eligqithisiweyo likhuselekile, ngoku, kufuneka silumke kwaye sigcine eli gama lokugcina endaweni efanelekileyo, xa sinokuthi sililibale.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho

Singafumana ezinye iziphumo xa sihlalutya iphasiwedi. Eminye imizekelo yile ilandelayo:

• Imfutshane kakhulu
• Isekwe kwigama kwisichazi-magama
• Isekwe kwigama lakho lomsebenzisi