Lapha ngaphakathi Ubunlog Sivame ukukhuluma nge-Linux, kodwa ikakhulukazi mayelana nesistimu yokusebenza Ubuntu, ukunambitheka kwayo okusemthethweni nokunye okususelwa kuyo. Iningi lethu liyazi ukuthi lakhiwa yi-Canonical, kepha livelaphi igama elinikeza uhlelo uhlelo igama lalo? Ingabe yigama elenziwe njengamanye amaningi kwisoftware eningi? Ingabe inencazelo kunoma yiluphi ulimi? Angicabangi ukuthi ngizokumosha uma ngithi yebo, igama elidala kakhulu lase-Afrika.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wake wazibuza ukuthi basebenzise ini ukwenza i-logo yabo? Ayifani ncamashi naleyo ekhonjiswe yiNeofetch, kepha yakhiwa amajika amathathu anebhola maphakathi lilinye. Njengoba uzofunda kamuva, lezo zingxenye ezintathu ngabantu futhi kule ndatshana sizokutshela amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisa kakhulu mayelana no-Ubuntu nakho konke okubuzungezile, phakathi kwayo sine-Canonical kanye ne-CEO yayo uMark Shuttleworth.
Yini emelwe Ubuntu futhi ilogo yayo imeleni?
Kubantu abaningi abahlala emhlabeni, Ubuntu kungaba igama lohlelo lokusebenza noma lutho, igama abangalazi. Kepha kwabase-Afrika, noma kwabanye babo, kuyigama. Akukona okwabo bonke abantu ngoba kuyigama lakudala elikhuluma ngalo ifilosofi, okusho ukuthi "ubuntu kwabanye" noma "umuzwa wenzuzo kithi sonke esiphatha abantu kahle." Yilokho uhlelo lokusebenza oludumile olufuna ukukufeza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinophawu. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona esithombeni esedlule, kunjalo abantu abathathu abasekelanayo futhi bakhe umphakathi babambane ngezingalo. Uma ubheka isithombe, futhi lokhu kungumbono womuntu siqu, igama elithi "ubunye" libuye lifike engqondweni futhi uyakhumbula ukuthi yiliphi igama leCanonical elinikeze imvelo yokuqhafaza eyathuthuka (futhi yayishiya)?
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa Ubuntu
Ukusatshalaliswa ngakunye kunokwakho umjikelezo wentuthuko. Isibonelo, abakwaDebian bakhipha izinhlobo zabo ezintsha minyaka yonke noma emibili, kuya ngokuthi bakulungele nini ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Abanye abanjengo-Arch Linux basebenzisa imodeli yokuthuthuka eyaziwa nge-Rolling Release lapho bekhipha zonke izindaba lapho sebelungile, kepha ngaphandle kokwethula uhlelo olusha oluphelele lokusebenza (bakhipha ama-ISO wokufaka okusha).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ubuntu bukhipha uhlobo olusha lohlelo lwabo lokusebenza njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, engxenyeni yesithathu kwezinyanga zika-Ephreli noDisemba. Igama yilelo lohlelo lokusebenza futhi izinombolo ezimbili ezihlukaniswe isikhathi njenge-XY: U-X unyaka futhi u-Y uyinyanga, kunezinketho ezimbili kuphela ze-Y (04 no-10) futhi ezingapheli ze-X, noma kukhona ama-X amabili ngonyaka. Isibonelo, Ubuntu 20.04 usanda kukhishwa, okuyi-OS ka-Ephreli (04) 2020 (20) OS.
Amakhodi we-Ubuntu
Ngendlela efanayo yokuthi kunendlela yokubala izinhlelo zokusebenza, kunemithetho futhi yokukhetha igama lekhodi. Kusukela yakhishwa okokuqala ngo-Okthoba 2004, i- i-codename isebenzisa isichasiso negama lesilwane okuhlangana kwalo iziqalo, njengeFocal Fossa ngo-Ephreli 2020 noma iGroovy Gorilla ezokhishwa ngo-Okthoba 2020. Kuyisiko ukuthi baye balandela ngokuqinile kwasekuqaleni futhi amagama nezinombolo zenguqulo kube kanjena (wiki):
| Isiphawulo | Animal | I-Versión |
|---|---|---|
| Warty | Ingulube | 4.10 |
| I-Hoary | Hedgehog | 5.04 |
| Breezy | Ibheji | 5.10 |
| Dapper | Drake | I-6.06 LTS |
| Ukuhleleka | eft | 6.10 |
| Ukuqina | Fawn | 7.04 |
| Isibindi | IGibbon | 7.10 |
| Hardy | Heron | I-8.04 LTS |
| Eqinile | I-Ibex | 8.10 |
| I-Jaunty | UJackalope | 9.04 |
| I-Karmic | I-Koala | 9.10 |
| Lucid | i-lynx | I-10.04 LTS |
| Maverick | I-Meerkat | 10.10 |
| Natty | Narwhal | 11.04 |
| I-Oneric | Ocelot | 11.10 |
| Unembe | I-Pangolin | I-12.04 LTS |
| Ubuningi | UQuetzal | 12.10 |
| Ukulinganisa | I-Ringtail | 13.04 |
| USaucy | intulo | 13.10 |
| Ukuthembela | I-Tahr | I-14.04 LTS |
| Okuvamile | Unicorn | 14.10 |
| ezicacile | I-Vervet | 15.04 |
| Wily | Werewolf | 15.10 |
| Xenial | xerus | I-16.04 LTS |
| I-Yakkety | i-yak | 16.10 |
| Isizotha | I-Zapus | 17.04 |
| Nobuciko | I-Aadvark | 17.10 |
| Bionic | I-Beaver | I-18.04 LTS |
| I-cosmic | I-Cuttlefish | 18.10 |
| disco | Dingo | 19.04 |
| Eoan | U-Ermine | 19.10 |
| Okugxile | Fossa | I-20.04 LTS |
| IGroovy | I-Gorilla | 20.10 |
| "HAdjective" | "HAnimal" | 21.04 |
ICanonical ibingakaze yanquma ekuqaleni ukuthi amagama ekhodi kufanele abe kanjena futhi alandele ukuhlelwa kwe-alfabhethi, kepha kugcine kuba yinto ejwayelekile.
Ubuntu bunama-flavour ayisikhombisa asemthethweni ...
Kodwa kwadingeka futhi kusazoba nokuningi. Njengamanje, ukunambitheka okujwayelekile noma okuyinhloko kuhambisana neKubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Budgie no-Ubuntu Kylin, ngezindawo iPlasma, i-Xfce, i-LXQt, i-MATE, i-Xfce (i-Plasma ye-20.10), iBudgie ne-UKUI. Kuze kube muva nje, inguqulo ye-Ubuntu GNOME ibitholakala, kepha yanqanyulwa lapho iCanonical yanquma ukubuyela kwi-GNOME ngemuva kokushiya i-Unity. Ngokuzayo, bazojoyina umndeni we-Ubuntu Cinnamon, UbuntuDDE, Ubuntu Lumina kanye no-Ubuntu Unity, amaphrojekthi athatha izinyathelo zawo zokuqala njengamanje.
Ubunye, imvelo yeCanonical
Ubunye Ubunye ithatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala njengamanje, lapho sebekhiphe inguqulo yabo yokuqala ezinzile. Sizosebenzisa i- imvelo yokuqhafaza eyenzelwe i-Canonical ekuqaleni kwaleli shumi leminyaka, elithembisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwamadivayisi angakaze enzeke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wayishiya imvelo yokuqhafaza, kepha abanye baqhubeka nokukhula kwakhe.
Ubumbano lusishintshe kakhulu isithombe se-Ubuntu. Esikhundleni sokuba nemigoqo engenhla nengezansi njengakuqala, kwenzeka ukuthi kube nenye engenhla enolwazi, njengaleyo enikezwa yitreyi yohlelo, futhi itheku kwesobunxele lokho, awu, abaningi bethu abasakhumbuli kahle. Amakhompyutha anesizotha ahlupheka, yingakho abasebenzisi abaningi bekhononda. Ngalesi sizathu, Ubuntu MATE wazalwa, okuyinto esondele kakhulu ku-Ubuntu bokuqala.
Ngo-2017, iCanonical washiya ubunye ukubuyela enguqulweni yesimanjemanje yeGNOME 3.
Ubuntu Thinta noma Iselula
Kungekudala ngemuva kokwethula ubumbano, uCanonical naye usitshele ngokuhlangana okudumile okwehlulekile ukwenzeka. Kepha akubanga ngoba bengazami. Inkampani yaqala ukwenza i- inguquko yeselula nokuthinta wesistimu yakhe yokusebenza, into ayishiyile ukuze agxile kudeskithophu.
I-UBports inqume ukuthatha ikhodi futhi inguqulo yeselula ye-Ubuntu iyaqhubeka, kepha ayisabizwa nge-Unity 8 njengoba bekulindelekile, kepha lomiri. Njengamanje, iLomiri iyahambisana namanye amatheminali afana nePinePhone noma iLibrem 5.
ICanonical: inkampani ezimele kanye nemoto
Ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kweLinux kwenziwa futhi kugcinwe amavolontiya kanye nomphakathi osebenzisayo, owenza iminikelo, kepha akunjalo ngo-Ubuntu. Kulokhu kunenkampani ezimele engemuva kwayo, futhi igama layo ngu I-Canonical.
NguCanonical ophethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzoba nokwethulwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nokusinikeza konke amabala okuphepha kuyadingeka ukuze Ubuntu ihlale iyisistimu yokusebenza ethembekile nephephile.
UMark Shuttlework, i-CEO kanye neNhloko Yonke into
Ingqondo yakho konke lokhu nguMark Shuttleworth, ongusomabhizinisi waseNingizimu Afrika owasungula iCanonical Ltd. futhi isengumphathi wayo omkhulu nanamuhla. UShuttleworth uxhasa inkampani yakhe, usiza ngentuthuko, futhi ugcina Ubuntu namanye amaphrojekthi wemithombo evulekile. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, uMark wayengumlondolozi wama-Apache kuDebian futhi lokhu kwakuyingxenye yalokho okwamenza wakha Ubuntu: okwenza iDebian ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa nokufinyelela abantu abaningi.
UShuttleworth wayengumuntu wokuqala wase-Afrika emkhathini
Ngaphezu kwakho konke okuphathelene nesoftware, uShuttleworth uthanda ukuhlola umhlaba… nokuthi yini engale kwalokho. Ngalesi sizathu, ngo-2002 wagcina ngokuya esikhaleni, waba yi umuntu wokuqala wase-afrika ukushiya iplanethi yomhlaba bese kuthi okwesibili akwenze njengesivakashi azikhokhele yena uhambo. Emuva esikhungweni i-International Space Station, uchithe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ebambe iqhaza ocwaningweni oluhlobene nengculazi nocwaningo lwe-genome.
Ubuntu nensizakalo yayo endala yokuthumela
Ekuqaleni kwayo, Ubuntu abuzange busebenze njengamanje. Kwakudingeka ishiselwe kwi-CD ukuze kufakwe uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Canonical yanikela nge- service lapho asithumelele khona i-CD yokufaka, futhi konke lokhu mahhala. Le nsizakalo ibizwa ngeShipIt futhi nami ngazicabangela uku-oda i-CD yami. Angizange, mhlawumbe ngingazihluphi, futhi manje ngiyazisola.