I-Apache web server, ukufakwa ku-Ubuntu 20.04

Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizobona ukuthi singakwenza kanjani lokho faka i-Apache web server ku-Ubuntu 20.04. Iseva ye-HTTP Apache iseva yewebhu enikezela ngemisebenzi eminingi enamandla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulayisha ngamandla amamojula, ukwesekwa okuqinile kwemidiya, nokuhlanganiswa okubanzi nenye isoftware ethandwayo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, kufanele sibe nomsebenzisi ojwayelekile onamalungelo we-sudo amisiwe kukhompyutha. Yini enye, kumele sikwazi i- firewall ukuvimba amachweba angabalulekile. Lapho sinakho konke lokhu, singakwazi ngena ngemvume njengomsebenzisi ongeyona impande ukuqala.

Faka i-Apache

I-Apache injalo itholakala kumakhompiyutha wesoftware we-Ubuntu. Ngalesi sizathu sizoqala ngokubuyekeza inkomba yepakethe yendawo ukuze sibe nezinguquko zakamuva:

sudo apt update

Manje sesingakwazi faka iphakethe le-apache2:

sudo apt install apache2

Ngemuva kokufakwa singakwazi hlola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-Apache esilufakayo ukuthayipha esigungwini esifanayo:

sudo apache2ctl -v

Izilungiselelo ze-Firewall

Ngaphambi kokuhlola i-Apache, udinga shintsha izilungiselelo ze-firewall ukuze uvumele ukufinyelela kwangaphandle kumachweba wewebhu azenzakalelayo. Sizokwenza lokhu sicabanga ukuthi silungiselele ifayela le- i-firewall njenge-UFW kumisiwe ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kuseva.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, i-Apache ibhalisa ne-UFW futhi inikeze ezinye Amaphrofayli wohlelo lokusebenza angasetshenziswa ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza ukufinyelela ku-Apache nge-firewall.

Sizokwazi bhala lawa maphrofayili ukuthayipha:

sudo ufw app list

Njengoba umphumela ukhombisa, kunamaphrofayili amathathu atholakalayo we-Apache:

• I-Apache → Le phrofayela imbobo evulekile kuphela engu-80 (ithrafikhi yewebhu engabhalwanga)
• I-Apache Full → Vula yomibili imbobo 80 (ithrafikhi yewebhu engabhalwanga) njengetheku 443 (ithrafikhi ebethelwe ye-TLS / SSL)
• I-Apache ivikelekile → Le phrofayili imbobo evulekile kuphela engu-443 (ithrafikhi ebethelwe ye-TLS / SSL)

Ngalesi sibonelo, njengoba singakayilungiseli i-SSL okwamanje, sizovumela kuphela ithrafikhi ethekwini 80:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Singakwazi qinisekisa ushintsho ukuthayipha:

sudo ufw status

Bheka iseva yewebhu

Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokufaka, Ubuntu 20.04 iqala i-Apache, ngakho-ke iseva yewebhu kufanele ngabe isivele isebenza. Lokhu singakuqinisekisa ngokubhala:

sudo systemctl status apache2

Umyalo ongenhla kufanele ukhombise ukuthi insiza iqale ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, indlela engcono yokuhlola lokhu ukucela ikhasi ku-Apache. Singayithola ngekheli le-IP ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isoftware isebenza kahle. Uma ungalazi ikheli le-IP, ungalithola ngokuthayipha ku-terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T):

hostname -I

Lo myalo izosikhombisa amakheli athile endawo ahlukaniswe izikhala. Singavivinya ngamunye kusiphequluli sewebhu ukubona ukuthi ziyasebenza yini. Lokhu kufanele kusivumele ukuthi sibone ikhasi lewebhu le-Ubuntu 20.04 Apache elizenzakalelayo:

Leli khasi lifaka nemininingwane eyisisekelo kumafayela we-Apache abalulekile nezindawo zemikhombandlela.

Phatha i-Apache

Manje njengoba sesineseva yewebhu esebenzayo, ake sibone eminye imiyalo eyisisekelo yomlawuli nge-systemctl.

para misa iseva yewebhu:

sudo systemctl stop apache2

Qala iseva yewebhu lapho kumisiwe:

sudo systemctl start apache2

para ima bese uqala inkonzo:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Uma simane senza izinguquko ekucushweni, I-Apache ingalayishwa kabusha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana ukuthayipha:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Ngephutha, I-Apache ilungiselelwe ukuthi iqale ngokuzenzakalela ngekhompyutha. Singakwenza lokhu kungasebenzi ukuthayipha:

sudo systemctl disable apache2

para nika amandla kabusha insiza ukuqala ebhuthini:

sudo systemctl enable apache2

Amafayela Nezikhombisi Ezibalulekile ze-Apache

Okuqukethwe

• / var / www / html → Kufaka phakathi Okuqukethwe kwewebhu. Lokhu kungashintshwa kumafayili wokumiswa kwe-Apache.

Ukusetha isiphakeli

• / njll / apache2 → Konke Amafayela wokumiswa kwe-Apache hlala lapha.
• /etc/apache2/apache2.conf → Kumayelana Ifayela eliyinhloko lokumiswa kwe-Apache.
• /etc/apache2/ports.conf → Leli fayela icacisa amachweba u-Apache azolalela kuwo.
• / etc / apache2 / sites-available / → Inkomba lapho kungagcinwa khona imikhosi ebonakalayo kusayithi ngalinye. I-Apache ngeke isebenzise amafayela wokumisa atholakala kulolu hlu lwemibhalo ngaphandle kokuthi axhunywe enkombeni evunyelwe isiza. Ngokuvamile, zonke izilungiselelo zokuvalelwa ngaphandle kweseva zenziwa kulo mkhombandlela.
• / njll / apache2 / amasayithi anikwe amandla / → Inkomba lapho kugcinwa khona abasingathi be-virtual site. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuxhumanisa namafayela wokumisa atholakala kumkhombandlela wamasayithi atholakalayo ane-a2ensite. I-Apache ifunda amafayela wokumisa nezixhumanisi ezitholakala kulo mkhombandlela lapho iqala noma ilayisha kabusha ukuhlanganisa ukumiswa okugcwele.
• / etc / apache2 / conf-available /, / etc / apache2 / conf-enabled / → Lezi zinkomba zinobudlelwano obufanayo nezinkomba zamasayithi atholakalayo namasayithi anikwe amandla, kepha zisetshenziselwa ukugcina izingcezu zokumisa okungezona ezomsingathi obonakalayo.
• / etc / apache2 / mods-available /, / etc / apache2 / mods-enabled / → Lezi zinkomba aqukethe amamojula atholakalayo futhi anikwe amandla, ngokulandelana.

Izingodo zeseva

• /var/log/apache2/access.log → Zonke izicelo eziya kuseva yewebhu zingene ngemvume kuleli fayela lokungena ngaphandle uma kushiwo ngenye indlela.
• /var/log/apache2/error.log → Ngokuzenzakalelayo, onke amaphutha angene kuleli fayela.

Ingatholakala imininingwane eminingi ngale seva ku iwebhusayithi yephrojekthi.