I-Linux yabaqalayo: konke odinga ukukwazi

Umhlaba we izinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhompyutha udume kabi. Kuwo wonke amasistimu okusebenza ahamba phambili emakethe njengeWindows ne-macOS, kunenqwaba yezinye izindlela ezicashile ezilwela ukutholwa yi-niche. Kucishe kube sengathi imakethe yesistimu yokusebenza imelana ngokuqinile nokubuswa ibhizinisi elilodwa. Ngenxa yalesi simo sokuncintisana, kungase kusimangaze ukwazi ukuthi i-Linux, isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo wamahhala nevulekile eyakhiwe umphakathi wamavolontiya ashisekayo, namuhla ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, cishe uyisebenzisa nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokwazi. Iyini ngempela i-Linux, kungani ibe yimpumelelo futhi liyini ikusasa layo? Funda ukuze uthole…

Umlando omncane

I-Linux iyisistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile eyakhiwe unjiniyela oqanjwe igama Linus B Torvalds ngo-1991. Igama le-Linux livela eqinisweni lokuthi uhlelo luqukethe amathuluzi amaningi okuhlela ahlukene asebenza ndawonye "njengenqwaba yezitini ze-Lego." Empeleni, i-Linux yakhiwe esikhundleni solunye uhlelo olusebenzayo olubizwa nge-Minix. U-Torvalds ekuqaleni wayehlele ukusebenzisa i-Minix kukhompyutha yakhe kodwa, ngenxa yezinqubomgomo ezivimbelayo zamalayisense, akakwazanga ukwenza kanjalo. Ngakho-ke, waqala ukuthuthukisa enye isistimu yokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni eyayiwumthombo wamahhala futhi ovulekile.

Ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala, i-Linux yayisetshenziswa cishe ngokukhethekile ngabahleli bohlelo zomhlaba wezemfundo. Izinkampani ziphinde zasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza kuphela kwizicelo ezikhethekile kakhulu. Kwakungekho ukutholwa okusabalele phakathi kwabasebenzisi bekhompyutha abajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2001, ukuthandwa kweLinux kwaqala ukukhula kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho onjiniyela be-Linux badala inguqulo yesistimu yokusebenza esebenza kumakhompyutha asekelwe ku-Intel. Kamuva yaziwa ngokuthi "i-Linux Kernel" futhi inguqulo edume kakhulu yaziwa ngaleli gama.

Yini iLinux?

I-Linux yi-kernel, nakuba liphinde lisetshenziswe njengegama ukuchaza isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Unix, nakuba ingeyona inzalo yalo, kodwa i-clone. I-Linux ekuqaleni yayibhalwe umklami oyedwa ogama lakhe lingu-Linus Torvalds, kodwa kamuva wenza ikhodi yakhe ibe sesidlangalaleni, evumela abanye abahleli bohlelo ukuthi bayithuthukise futhi bayinwebe. Laba bahleli babelane ngekhodi yabo nomhlaba wonke futhi kwazalwa umphakathi ovulekile we-Linux. I-Linux ikwenza konke, kusukela kumakhompiyutha edeskithophu kuya kumakhompyutha amakhulu, omakhalekhukhwini, ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zemikhumbi-mkhathi. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-Linux nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokwazi. Isibonelo, i-Android isuselwe enguqulweni elungisiwe ye-Linux, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Chrome, enika amandla ama-Chromebook. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Amazon ne-Microsoft, kanye nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke, zisebenzisa i-Linux.

Okuhlukile kwe-Linux (ukusabalalisa noma i-distros)

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Linux, kodwa ezidume kakhulu ziyi I-Debian, Ubuntu kanye ne-Red Hat…

• I-Debian ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amaseva, okokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, nezinye izinhlobo zengqalasizinda.
• Ubuntu bungenye yezindawo ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu zeLinux ezisetshenziswa abasebenzisi bedeskithophu. Iphinde isetshenziselwe izinto ezifana namadivayisi e-inthanethi Yezinto nokunye.
• I-Red Hat ukusatshalaliswa kwezentengiso kwe-Linux esetshenziswa kakhulu ngamabhizinisi. Ngokungafani no-Ubuntu, ayikhululekile ukuyisebenzisa.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

I-Linux wuhlelo olusebenzayo lomthombo ovulekile olunayo izici eziningi ezinhle. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa i-Linux ukuthi imahhala ukuyilanda nokusebenzisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usunokufakwa kwe-Linux kudivayisi yakho, azikho izindleko eziqhubekayo. Futhi, akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwekhompyutha onalo: I-Linux izosebenza kuma-Mac, ama-PC, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nokuningi. I-Linux nayo ivikeleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunomphakathi omkhulu wabathuthukisi abasebenza ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa kwama-hacker ngaso sonke isikhathi. I-Linux futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izilungiselelo ezithile ukuze usebenze kahle. Isibonelo, ungashintsha indlela idatha elondolozwa ngayo kudivayisi yakho nokuthi idivayisi yakho ibuyekeza kangakanani izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-Linux ukuthi ingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi eminingi eyahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-Linux ezingasetshenziselwa inani lezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Enye ye Ububi obukhulu yokusebenzisa i-Linux ukuthi ayisebenzisi izinhlelo ezithile ezisetshenziswa abasebenzisi beWindows kanye ne-macOS. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-iTunes, QuickBooks, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-imeyili, nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-Adobe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-Linux ezakha lokhu ngokufaka lezi zici ohlelweni lwazo lokusebenza.

Kungani idumile?

Kuvela ukuthi i-Linux idume kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela nabaphathi besistimu. Imodeli yomthombo ovulekile we-Linux ibavumela ukuthi babelane ngekhodi ngokukhululekile, bafunde komunye nomunye, futhi bahlanganyele kumaphrojekthi. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Linux yenziwe yapheleliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umkhiqizo wemizamo nemininingwane yezinkulungwane zezimboni ezihamba phambili nezikhanya kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Linux iwumthombo ovulekile, ithathwa njengenketho ephephile nelungile kuhulumeni nesikhungo. Iphinde ibe nesisekelo sekhodi esikhanye ngokugcwele, okwenza kube lula ukuhlola ubungozi obungase bube khona. Futhi, i-Linux imahhala ukuthi ingadawunilodeka futhi isabalalise, okwenza ikwazi ukuthengeka kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zabo bonke osayizi. Futhi ngenkathi i-Linux ithathwa njengesistimu yokusebenza yezinga lebhizinisi, futhi inohlu olubanzi lokusebenziseka kanye nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ungayithola kuphi i-Linux?

Kuya ngokuthi ubuza bani, i-Linux ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi. Kuya ngokuthi i-Linux ichazwa kanjani, isistimu yokusebenza itholakala enanini elikhulu lamadivayisi nezingcezu zesoftware. I-Android, ngokwesibonelo, isuselwe ku-Linux kernel. Kanjalo neseva ye-OpenSSH. Futhi i-Linux isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amakhompyutha we-Apple's Macintosh, kanye nohlelo lwayo lokusebenza lwe-MacOS. Ukucacisa kabanzi, lezi yizindawo lapho i-Linux ingatholakala khona:

• Iselula: Android, Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Ubuntu Touch
• Amakhompyutha edeskithophu: Amakhompyutha we-Apple, nama-PC
• Amaseva we-Linux
• Amanye: amawashi ahlakaniphile, ama-smart TV (i-webOS ne-Tizen), amarutha e-Cisco, izimoto zakwaTesla, nokunye okuningi.

Ikusasa elithembisayo

Nakuba ingakayinqobi inkambu ye-PC, i-Linux inekusasa eliqhakazile. Iqiniso liyatshelwa, kunzima ukubikezela ikusasa lanoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe noma umkhiqizo. Kepha into eyodwa ibonakala iqinisekile: Ukuthandwa kweLinux ngeke kufe maduze. Ngalo lonke utshalomali kanye nomfutho ngemuva kweLinux, uhlelo lokusebenza lomthombo ovulekile kungenzeka luqhubeke nokunwebeka lube izimakethe ezintsha kanye namacala okusebenzisa. Njengomkhiqizo osatshalaliswa ngokukhululekile novulekile, i-Linux kungenzeka futhi iqhubeke nokuvela ngokushesha, mhlawumbe iphinde ingene kumasistimu wokusebenza amasha.

Isiphetho

I-Linux iyisistimu yokusebenza indlela yokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe isishintshile. Sekuyiminyaka isetshenziswa futhi isasetshenziswa namuhla yizinkampani eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Iphinde yasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengamafoni ethu, amawashi, ngisho nezimoto imbala. Umlando we-Linux ngokuqinisekile uyathakazelisa futhi uzoqhubeka ubaluleke kakhulu kithi esikhathini esizayo. Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi iyini i-Linux, kungani idume kangaka, nokuthi ungayithola kuphi, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuzilimela wena.