Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizobheka i-Flask. EMpumalanga silolonge Umthombo wamahhala futhi ovulekile ubhaliwe ePython. Izosivumela ukuthi sakhe izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ngokushesha futhi ngenani elincane lemigqa yekhodi. Idizayinelwe ukusiza abathuthukisi ukuthi benze izinhlelo zewebhu ezivikelekile, ezingahlukeki futhi ezingagcinwa. I-Flask isuselwa ku-Werkzeug futhi isebenzisa i-Jinja2 njengenjini yesifanekiso.
Ngokungafani I-DjangoNgokuzenzakalelayo, i-Flask ayifaki I-ORM, ukuqinisekiswa kwefomu, noma okunye ukusebenza okunikezwe imitapo yolwazi evela eceleni. Lo msebenzi omncane we-microframe wenziwe ngezandiso engqondweni. Lawa ngamaphakeji wePython, esingangeza ngawo ukusebenza kuhlelo lokusebenza lweFlask.
Ngokuya ngokuthi umsebenzisi ngamunye udingani, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufaka i-Flask. Ingafakwa isistimu ebanzi noma endaweni ebonakalayo yePython usebenzisa ipayipi. Emigqeni elandelayo sizobona ukuthi singayenza kanjani ifayili le- ukufakwa endaweni ebonakalayo.
Inhloso enkulu yezindawo ezibonakalayo zePython yi- dala indawo ehlukanisiwe yamaphrojekthi ahlukene. Ngale ndlela, ungaba nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zeFlask kukhompyutha eyodwa. Ngakho-ke futhi singafaka inguqulo ethile yemodyuli kuphrojekthi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi izothinta yini okunye ukufakwa esinakho.
Faka i-Flask ku-Ubuntu 18.04
Ngiyethemba ukuthi le migqa elandelayo inikezela ngolwazi olwanele lokukwazi faka iFlask endaweni ebonakalayo yePython usebenzisa Ubuntu 18.04.
Faka iPython 3 ne-venv
Ubuntu 18.04 iza nePython 3.6 ngokuzenzakalela. Ungaqinisekisa ukufakwa ngokuvula i-terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) bese uthayipha:
python3 -V
Kusukela ngo-Python 3.6, indlela enconywayo yokwenza imvelo ebonakalayo ukusebenzisa imodyuli ye-venv. Ngoba faka iphakethe le-python3-venv elinikezwe imodyuli ye-venv, esigungwini esifanayo okufanele usenze:
sudo apt install python3-venv
Ngemuva kokufakwa, sesikulungele ukudala imvelo ebonakalayo.
Ukwakha indawo ebonakalayo
Sizoqala ngokuya enkombeni lapho sinentshisekelo yokugcina izindawo zethu ezibonakalayo zePython 3. Kungaba umkhombandlela wakho omkhulu noma eminye imikhombandlela lapho umsebenzisi afunde futhi abhala khona izimvume.
Ngalesi sibonelo ngizokwakha umkhombandlela omusha wohlelo lokusebenza lweFlask. Ngemuva kwalokho ngizoyithola:
mkdir mis_flask_app cd mis_flask_app
Uma usungaphakathi kwesiqondisi, kufanele nje sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukudala imvelo entsha ebonakalayo:
python3 -m venv venv
Umyalo ongenhla udala umkhombandlela obizwa nge-venv. Iqukethe ikhophi kanambambili wePython, umphathi wephakheji yePip, umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile wePython, namanye amafayela wokusekela. Noma yiliphi igama lingasetshenziselwa imvelo ebonakalayo.
Ukuqala ukusebenzisa le ndawo ebonakalayo, kuzofanele yenza kusebenze ngokusebenzisa iskripthi sokuvula:
source venv/bin/activate
Uma seyenziwe yasebenza, umkhombandlela wesikhombi semvelo ebonakalayo uzongezwa ekuqaleni kokuguquguquka kwe- $ PATH. Kanjalo izoshintsha umyalo wakho weShell futhi ikhombise igama lendawo ebonakalayo oyisebenzisayo njengamanje. Kulesi sibonelo, sizobona okuthile okulandelayo:
Ukufaka i-Flask
Manje njengoba imvelo ebonakalayo isiyasebenza, sesingakwazi sebenzisa i-python manager package ukufaka i-flask:
pip install Flask
Ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo, singasebenzisa umyalo wepayipi esikhundleni se-pip3 ne-python esikhundleni se-python3.
Kungaba njalo hlola inguqulo efakiwe ye-microframework usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
python -m flask --version
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kusikrini esedlule, ngesikhathi sokubhala le ndatshana, inguqulo esemthethweni yakamuva yeFlask ingu-1.0.2
Idala uhlelo lokusebenza oluncane
Manje sizoya dala uhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile lwe- "Sawubona Mhlaba". Lokhu kuzokhombisa umbhalo owodwa kuphela kusikrini ngasinye. Ukuyakha sizosebenzisa isihleli sethu sombhalo esiyintandokazi:
vim ~/mis_flask_app/hola.py
Ngaphakathi kwefayela unamathisela imigqa elandelayo:
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hola_ubunlog():
return 'Hola Ubunlog'
Emgqeni wokuqala singenisa i-Flask class. Okulandelayo, sakha isibonelo sekilasi le-Flask. Bese sisebenzisa umzila() umhlobisi ukubhalisa umsebenzi we-hello_ubunlog() indlela /. Uma lo mzila uceliwe, hello_ uyabizwaubunlog() kanye nomlayezo 'Hola Ubunlogibuyiselwa kwiklayenti.
Uma kuqedile sigcina ifayili njengo sawubona.py.
Ukuhlola iseva yokuthuthuka
Sizosebenzisa umyalo we-flask wokusebenzisa uhlelo, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho siyakudinga tshela iFlask ukuthi ungalayisha kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuchaza ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kweFLASK_APP:
export FLASK_APP=hola flask run
Umyalo ongenhla izoqala isiphakeli sokuthuthukisa esishumekiwe. Okukhiphayo kuzofana nokulandelayo:
Uma uvula isiphequluli sakho bese uthayipha http://127.0.0.1:5000 umyalezo wesicelo sethu uzovela, "Hola Ubunlog".
para misa iseva yentuthuko, hit Ctrl + C esigungwini.
Ikhubaza imvelo ebonakalayo
Uma sesiqedile umsebenzi, sizokwenza kungasebenzi indawo ebonakalayo ukubuyela kugobolondo lethu evamile, ukuthayipha:
deactivate
Uma umusha kuFlask, vakashela ikhasi le- imibhalo esemthethweni nguFlask futhi ufunde ukuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo.