Bona i-Hardware ku-Ubuntu

Esinye sezigaba esidala ubunzima obukhulu kubasebenzisi abasha beLinux ngokujwayelekile futhi Ubuntu ikakhulukazi, yi ukuqashelwa kwamadivayisi kusistimu lapho engatholakali ngokuzenzakalela. Njengoba kungenzeka usuyazi, ukutholwa kwehadiwe lemishini, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka ezinhlelweni zeWindows, kwenziwa yinhlamvu ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kohlelo, futhi kukhona nethuba lokubona amanye amadivayisi ashisayo kamuva -kuxhunyiwe.

Lo mhlahlandlela omncane uhlose ukukukhanyisela kancane emisebenzini ejwayelekile yokubona i-Hardware ku-Ubuntu, lapho sizokhuluma ngezinto ezivame kakhulu: CPU, inkumbulo nokugcina phakathi kwabanye.

Izikhathi eziningi inkinga Akulele ekutheni ubukeka kanjani uma kungenjalo, ngoba abashayeli bezinto zehadiwe zekhompyutha ezinhlelweni ze-Unix ziyahlukahluka kancane ekutheni zenziwa kanjani ezindaweni zeWindows (iWindows kernel incike kakhulu ku abashayeli ukuxhasa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zohlelo, ngenkathi uku-Linux yi-kernel esekela iningi lamadivayisi).

Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi nezakhi zehadiwe ezingaba khona kukhompyutha (ngoba lokho kungaba ngumsebenzi omkhulu), sifuna ukuqoqa lezo main noma iyiphi ikhompyutha engaba nayo futhi engatholakali ngokuzenzakalela ngohlelo. Lezi zinyathelo zingabhekwa njengezibalulekile ezimweni eziningi ukuze kamuva uthole abashayeli abadingekayo bese uzifaka ohlelweni.

Uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinto zokusebenza zemishini

Ngokuvamile, sisebenzisa umyalo olandelayo thola umbono wayo yonke i-hardware etholakele eqenjini lethu.

 $ sudo lshw 

Uzolubona kanjani uhlu oluthi kukhiqiza kukhulu kakhulu futhi kunemininingwane, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyilahla kufayela noma ukwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe ukuze uyifunde ngokuthula.

Ukubona iprosesa

Iprosesa ingenye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo zekhompyutha, kanye nememori kanye namadivayisi wokufaka nokukhipha. Ifayela lesistimu nomyalo olula unga siza ukukhomba ukuthi hlobo luni lweprosesa olubonwa endaweni yethu. Le nto isekelwa ngaphakathi kwekhenela, ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga ngoba wonke amandla weprosesa yethu awaziwa, sizodinga i-kernel (noma ukusatshalaliswa) okuyixhasayo.

Ifayela elitholakala ngaphakathi / proc / cpuinfo Izosinika imininingwane enemininingwane ngokuqashelwa kwe-CPU yethu:

Futhi ngomyalo lscpu, Engadingi ezinye izinguquko, singathola idatha ku-CPU ngendlela enobungani:

Ukubona inkumbulo

Imemori ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kohlelo. Ukuphathwa kahle kwayo njengenketho yokusebenzisa wonke amakhono ayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokusebenza nokusebenza okuhle. Ukuthola imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe efanayo kumele sisebenzise umyalo ojwayelekile ku-hardware yohlelo esikukhombisile ekuqaleni, khumbula, lshw.

Kukhona nolunye uchungechunge lwemiyalo esivumela ukuthi sithole imininingwane ejwayelekile ngenani lememori kanye ne-dentin yayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, okungasinika imininingwane eyanele yokuthola ukuthi ngabe amamojula afakiwe kulowo mshini atholakale kahle noma cha. imininingwane yokuthi yaziwa kanjani ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza. Njengesibonelo, imiyalo ephezulu (ukunquma inani eliphelele nalokho okushintshiwe), vmstat -SM -a (ngemininingwane ku-

Ukubona ama-hard drive

Umyalo olandelayo waziwa kahle kubo bonke, fdisk, thina Faka kuhlu amadivayisi wesitoreji atholakele kukhompyutha yethu.

 $ sudo fdisk -l

Kepha kuthiwani uma simane sixhuma nje idrayivu entsha ye-SATA noma ye-SCSI futhi uhlelo lungayitholi? Lokhu kuyinto kuvame kakhulu uma usebenzisa ama-plug hot hot SATA drive (qinisekisa ukuthi inketho ye- ukushintsha okushisayo ku-BIOS yekhompyutha noma, ngaphandle kwalokho, izosebenza njengediski ejwayelekile ye-IDE futhi kuzofanela uqale kabusha ikhompyutha ukuze isistimu iyithole) noma imishini ebonakalayo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukufaka amadiski ohlobo lwe-SCSI angaziwa ngokuzenzakalela yikhompyutha.

Uma lokhu kuyicala lakho, kuzofanele uphoqelele ukutakulwa kwesilawuli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka umyalo olandelayo:

 $ grep mpt /sys/class/scsi_host/host?/proc_name

Lo myalo uzobuyisa umugqa wohlobo: / sys / class / scsi_host /umphathiX/ proc_name: mptspi (kuphi umphathiX yinkambu esiyithandayo). Okulandelayo, faka umyalo olandelayo ukuphoqa ukuskena kabusha:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan

Ukubona ikhadi lehluzo

Uma ukhumbula ukuthi sishilo ekuqaleni kwendatshana ukuthi i-Linux kernel inikeze ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi athile kubashayeli abafakiwe bekhompiyutha, icala lamakhadi wehluzo lingenye yalawo madivayisi abaphathi babo abazuzwe njengefa. Kungakho umyalo ozosisiza kuleli cala uthi:

lspci | grep VGA

Futhi izosinika imininingwane yesilawuli uhlelo olusebenzisayo eqenjini.

Ngalolu lwazi, kuyindaba yokuqinisekisa ukuthi sisebenzisa yini umshayeli ofanele ngaphakathi kohlelo lwethu noma kufanele sisebenzise enye ecacisiwe noma eguquke eyodwa.

Ibona amadivayisi e-USB

Kulokhu sinawo umyalo othize kulezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi:

lsusb

Okukhiphayo kuzosinikeza imininingwane mayelana namadivayisi we-USB axhunyiwe ngokulandelayo:

Ukuqala kabusha amadivayisi e-USB, singahlela i-cronjob ngomyalo olandelayo ukuze ivuselele isimo samadivayisi njalo ngeminithi:

* * * * *    lsusb -v 2>&1 1>/dev/null

Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela omfushane uzokusiza kuwe iningi lamadivayisi wakho wesistimu. Impela kunemiyalo eminingi eminingi ku-linux nakuzinhlelo zokusebenza ukulanda ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngabe uwutholile omunye umyalo owusizo emsebenzini wakho nohlelo lwe-Ubuntu ukuthola i-Hardware?