Muva nje, izindaba zishicilelwe ukuthi i-SiteGround, omunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu bokubamba iwebhu eYurophu, wazinza ezweni lethu futhi wamukela ubuchwepheshe obunqenqemeni ngokusebenza: sikhuluma ngakho Iziqukathi ze-Linux noma i-LXC. Lokhu kusebenza akukusha, ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngoba iFreeBSD inamaJele, iSolaris inezindawo futhi kunezinye izinhlobo zeziqukathi ezinjengalezo ezinikezwe yi-OpenVZ neLinux VServer ezinokumiswa okwehlukile ngaphakathi kernel yazo ukuyenza.
Iqiniso lokuthi iSayithiGound isamukele lesi sikhundla ngokobuchwepheshe bayo, futhi umbono waso webhizinisi ocacile ugxile ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwengqalasizinda yayo, zombili ezingeni lehadiwe (ngokusebenzisa isimo esiqinile sishayela i-SSD) njenge-software, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ngabe muhle futhi uyathembisa. Sikhuluma nge-LXC ngeziqukathi ezingezansi.
I-LXC noma i-Linux Containers njengamanje imele obunye bobuchwepheshe besimanjemanje ngokuqagela okukhulu kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ingabe mayelana iziqukathi ezenza izindawo zisebenze ezingeni lohlelo lwe-Linux futhi zingasatshalaliswa ezimeni eziningi ngaphakathi kweseva efanayo ebonakalayo. Zonke zisebenza zodwa njengama-SPVs (ama-Virtual Private Servers) noma ama-EVs (Virtual Environments), lapho zonke izinsiza zihlinzekwa khona ezingeni lokucubungula, ukuxhumana nezokugcina.
Kepha luphi usizo lweziqukathi empeleni? Ake sithathe isibonelo sesibonelo esilandelayo. Ingosi yesevisi ifuna ukuthi abasebenzisi bayo bakwazi ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu azimele futhi ahlukanisiwe ngokufunwa. Ngokwesiko, yonke isoftware nezinto ezidingekayo kuthuluzi ngalinye olifunayo kuzofanele zifakwe, kepha ngenxa yeziqukathi, zonke izinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo zingaqoqwa ndawonye futhi ziqiniswe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuzenzakalela.
Ngenkathi bekuSiteGound benza ukufuduka kwabo kokugcina bakwemukela, ngaphezu kwalobu buchwepheshe, ukugcinwa ngokusebenzisa i-solid state disk SSD. I-LXC ibahlinzeka, ngamagama abasebenzi bayo, ukuguquguquka okudingayo kwebhizinisi lakho, nama disks e-SSD ijubane lokubulawa liyadingeka ukuhlinzeka insizakalo eyenele ngesikhathi kubasebenzisi bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani idale ukuqaliswa kwayo kwe-LXC futhi yakhiqiza amabala amaningi we-Linux kernel elungisa izimbungulu futhi ilungise izinkinga zokuphepha.
Ikusasa leziqukathi libukeka lithembisa kakhulu futhi lingahle lisho ukuphela kwe-Virtualization njengoba sazi namuhla. Noma cha?
Izici ze-LXC
La ikhono lokwenza iziqukathi ezihlanganisiwe nezihlukanisiwe nedamu lakho lezinsizakusebenza kungumsebenzi osuvele wenziwe namuhla ngezindawo zokubona okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe besitsha buhlinzeka ngokusebenza okwandisiwe (okucishe kufane nokwenza i-bare-metal virtualization) kanye nokuguquguquka. Iziqukathi azilingisi i-Hardware yomshini futhi inqobo nje uma isikhala singenakulungiswa, asikho isikhala sokugcina esithathwayo.
I-LXC kufanele ikhulelwe njengoba uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi kwethu, nokuthi lokho ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo kuziphatha njengomshini obonakalayo. Ukulingisa kwenziwa nge-Linux kernel uqobo futhi i-LXC inikela ngesiqukathi esincane ukuze sikwazi ukugcina isifanekiso sokusatshalaliswa kohlelo lokusebenza okuhlukile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomsebenzisi ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabusha ezindaweni ezihlukene nasemijikelezweni yentuthuko.
La ukuthwala Ngalokhu kusebenza kuyaqinisekiswa, ngoba kususa izinhlelo kusuka kusistimu yokusebenza futhi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa noma isiphi isitsha kusuka ekufakweni kwemvelo encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izimo eziningana zezinguqulo eziningana zeJava, i-PHP noma i-Apache ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuguquguquka okuphelele nokukwazi ukulinganisa imithwalo yabo phakathi kwezinhlelo eziningi, ukuhlanganisa izindawo zabo noma ukwenza amakhophi wesipele kumzuzwana nje.
Ikusasa lokubona okuhle alikapheli, ngoba ngayo kungenzeka kuthunyelwe imvelo ehlukahlukene kakhulu, okwamanje, iziqukathi ezingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-kernel ethile kulo msebenzi.
I-LXC ne-Docker
I-LXC ne-Docker yizinhlelo ezimbili zokufaka iziqukathi ifilosofi yazo esebenza ngendlela efanayo: Yenza ngokwezifiso ezindaweni ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza ezisebenza ngokuzimela. Ubutu usebenza ngawo womabili amaphrojekthi lokho kuvame ukudideka nokuthi umehluko omkhulu esikwenza uwubone. Iziqukathi I-LXC ine-init evumela ukwenza izinqubo eziningi ngenkathi Iziqukathi ze-Docker zinento eyodwa engaqhuba inqubo eyodwa yohlobo ngalunye.
Umqondo we-Docker ukunciphisa usayizi weziqukathi zakho ngangokunokwenzeka kunqubo eyodwa ephethwe kusuka kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. Inkinga ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi ezithuthukisiwe namuhla zinethemba lokuthi zizokwazi ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezifundwayo eziningi, ngokuxhaswa ngama-cron amaningana, amademoni, ama-SSH, njll. Njengoba i-Docker ingenakho kwalokhu, ukumiswa kwemvelo yokuphaka, inethiwekhi, ukugcinwa kanye nokuhlelwa kokugcina kohlelo lonke kufanele kwenziwe ngohlelo.
Lesi yisiphetho nje seqhwa, njengoba eminye imibuzo ihlala emoyeni njengokuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zenethiwekhi, ukuthungwa kwezokuxhumana, ukuqoqwa kweziqukathi noma ukufuduka phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo. Njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi igebe elihlukanisa bobabili ubuchwepheshe lifuna ukwehliswa futhi kuzoba isikhathi sokuthi ngubani onquma ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuzobekwa ngaphezulu.