Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizobheka ukuthi singalufaka kanjani ulimi lokuhlela iRust. Sizobona futhi ukuthi singahlanganisa kanjani futhi sisebenzise uhlelo oluyisisekelo ngeRust. Lolu wulimi lohlelo oluhlanganisiwe, olujwayele ukwenziwa olukhona ithuthukiswe yiMozilla. Ngokuya ngonjiniyela bayo, yenzelwe ukuthi ibe «ulimi oluphephile nolusebenzayo«. Ixhasa ukusebenza okumsulwa, inqubo, inhloso, kanye nezinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni.
Ukugqwala wulimi lohlelo olusha sha. Ithembisa ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo neziphephile. Izinkampani ezinjenge-Atlassian, Chef, CoreOS, neDropBox zisebenzisa iRust. Ngokomgomo weMozilla, Ukugqwala kuthuthukiswa ngendlela evuleke ngokuphelele futhi ifuna ukufaka nokufaka okuvela emphakathini.
Inhloso enkulu kaRust ukuthi abe ulimi oluhle lokwakha izinhlelo ezinhle, uhlangothi lwamakhasimende nolwe-server, ezisebenza ku-Inthanethi. Lokhu kugcizelele ngokukhethekile ezokuphepha nokusabalalisa imemori. I-syntax yalolu limi iyafana neye-C ne-C ++, enamabhulokhi wekhodi ahlukaniswe ukhiye nezakhiwo zokulawula ukugeleza njenge if, futhi, do, ngenkathi y ngoba.
Ukwakheka kolimi kuye kwalungiswa ngokuhlangenwe nakho ekwakhiweni komhlanganisi weRust uqobo nenjini yeRust. itilosi leservo. Yize kunjalo ithuthukiswe futhi yaxhaswa yiMozilla ne-Samsung, uthi yiphrojekthi yomphakathi. Ingxenye enkulu yenqubekela phambili ivela kumalungu omphakathi.
Uma othile edinga imininingwane eminingi ngalolu limi, angaxhumana nemibhalo eminingi ekhona ngalo. Singathola kuwebhusayithi yabo kusuka ku- incwadi ebalulekile mayelana nokugqwala kuya ku imibhalo esemthethweni.
Faka iRust ku-Ubuntu 18.04
Lolu limi lohlelo lungafakwa ngendlela elula kakhulu. Kwanele nge sebenzisa i-curl. Uma kwenzeka singayifakile, singayibamba ngokuthayipha ukuphela (Ctrl + Alt + T):
sudo apt update && sudo apt install curl
Lapho nje i-curl ifakiwe, singaqalisa ukufakwa. Ngalokhu sibhala esigungwini esifanayo:
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa sizobona okufana nokuthi kungabonakala kusikrini esilandelayo.
Kuleli qophelo, kuzodingeka uku cindezela u-1 ukuqhubeka nokufakwa. Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa sekuphelile, sizobona umyalezo esiwudingayo lungiselela imvelo ukusebenzisa i-Rust compiler. Sizokuxazulula lokhu ngokuthayipha ukuphela:
source $HOME/.cargo/env
Lo myalo ngeke usibonise lutho, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, singaqiniseka ukuthi imvelo yethu isilungele ukuqala ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zeRust. Lokhu kuzodingeka sikwenze kanye kuphela. Ngokuzayo lapho ungena ku-terminal, izolayisha ngokuzenzakalela.
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwangaphambilini, kuzofakwa amaphakheji ambalwa:
- cargo - Imenenja yephakeji esetshenziswa iRust.
- i-rustc - Isihlanganisi samanje seRust.
- ukugqwala - Isifaki seRust esilandiwe sasebenza.
Yize zifakwe kahle, bekufanele ngifake i-gcc compiler ephezulu ukuze isebenze kahle.
Isicelo sesampula neRust
Ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kuqediwe, sekuyisikhathi sokukuhlola. Kungakho sizobhala uhlelo olujwayelekile ukuqala nganoma yiluphi ulimi lohlelo. Sivula umhleli wethu owuthandayo bese sakha ifayela elilandelayo:
sudo nano ejemplo.rs
Ngaphakathi kwesihleli sinamathisela imigqa elandelayo:
// La aplicación más básica
fn main() {
println!("Aplicación básica de Rust");
println!("***Ubunlog***");
}
Ngeke ngidlule kulokho okushiwo umugqa ngamunye, kepha kufanele kucace bha ukuthi izophrinta imigqa embalwa yombhalo. Uma unesithakazelo bona izibonelo eziningi zeRust, ungaxhumana ne- Izibonelo zemibhalo nguRust.
Lapho ifayili seligciniwe, kulokhu negama le-sibonelo.rs, sesivele sinefayela lethu lomthombo. Manje sesingayihlanganisa ukudala okusebenzisekayo:
rustc ejemplo.rs
Uma konke kuhambe kahle sizobona ukuthi i-terminal ngeke isibonise lutho. Uma kunephutha, uzobona umlayezo ngakho.
Njengoba sikwazi ukubona kusikrini-skrini, ifayela elisebenzisekayo selakhiwe, enegama elifanayo nefayela lomthombo. Lokhu kungaqhutshwa ukubona uhlelo lwethu lwesampula:
./ejemplo