Ungahlola kanjani amachweba asetshenziswa ku-Linux

Ukwazi yimaphi amachweba asetshenziswayo ohlelweni kuwumsebenzi oyisisekelo kunoma yimuphi umlawuli. Ukusuka ekuhleleni i-interface kuya ekuvikelekeni kokungena futhi sibhekene nanoma yikuphi ukuxazulula inkinga esingakucabanga, kufanele sikwazi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe itheku linikeza uhlobo oluthile lwensizakalo endaweni yethu.

Cabanga ngesimo lapho ufake khona insiza yokuphrinta ye-CUPS kusistimu yakho futhi awazi ukuthi insiza iqalwe kahle futhi wakhulisa ichweba layo elihambelanayo 631 noma i-515 yakhe yokuzikhethela. Kulesi siqondisi sizokukhombisa imiyalo emithathu eyisisekelo yokuthola amachweba asetshenziswa uhlelo nokuthi siyini isimo sayo.

Ngokulandelayo sizobuyekeza imiyalo eyisisekelo emi-3 ewusizo olukhulu ekuphathweni kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo. Ingabe mayelana lsof, netstat kanye nmap, Izinsiza esizozigijima kusuka ku-terminal console futhi ngamalungelo empande.

Umyalo we-Lsof

Umyalo lsof kuyinto eyisisekelo kunazo zonke ukuthi sikuboleka amangaki futhi, njengoba ungowokuzalwa eLinux, isisekelo okufanele wonke umsebenzisi asazi. Ukwazi amachweba avulwe ohlelweni ngalo myalo, kufanele ufake ukulandelana okulandelayo, okuyi izokukhombisa imininingwane ehlukahlukene lapho sizoqokomisa khona: igama lesicelo (ngokwesibonelo, sshd), i- isokhethi yohlelo (kulokhu ikheli le-IP 10.86.128.138 elihambisana nechweba 22 lelo ELILALELELE) kanye nokuhlonza inqubo (okungaba yi-85379).

$ sudo lsof -i -P -n
$ sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN

Umyalo weNetstat

Umyalo netstat iyehluka kancane ku-syntax yayo maqondana neyangaphambili kepha iveza ezinye imingcele kulula kakhulu ukuyibamba ngekhanda sibonga igama elilula lokubamba ngekhanda. Kusukela manje ungakhohlwa izwi i-putona, ebhekisa kuzici ezilandelayo:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Shintsha usayizi wokwahlukanisa Ubuntu

• p: Ibonisa ukuxhumana kwephrothokholi ebekiwe okungaba yi-TCP noma i-UDP.
• u: Bhala zonke izimbobo ze-UDP.
• t: Faka kuhlu wonke amachweba we-TCP.
• o: Ibonisa ifayela le- Isilinganiso.
• n: Ibonisa inombolo ethekwini.
• a: Ibonisa konke ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kusistimu.

Ngakho-ke, ukufaka umyalo nokuwuhlunga ngefayela le- ipayipi singathola imininingwane ngetheku elithile.

$ netstat -putona | grep numero-de-puerto

Umyalo we-Nmap

I-Nmap Kuyinsiza ukuthi thina ivumela ukwenza ukuskena okuningi ohlelweni lwethu futhi enye yazo, enye yamachweba avulekile kwimishini. Ukuze sikwenze kufanele sethule ukulandelana kohlobo nmap -sX -OY, ukuthatha u-X inani T noma u-U lokuxhumeka kwe-TCP noma i-UDP ngokulandelana nenani le-Y ikheli le-IP lomshini wethu (noma i-localhost ngamafuphi). Bheka lesi sibonelo esilandelayo.

</pre>
$ sudo nmap -sU -O localhost
$ sudo nmap -sT -O 192.168.0.1
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Ngalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezintathu usuvele unamathuluzi anele wokunquma amachweba avulekile womshini wakho. Ngabe usebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo noma ngabe uyazi enye indlela yokuqinisekisa amachweba avulekile ohlelo?