Yini leyo mayelana ne-linux? Kungani usebenzisa i-linux?

Kufundwa ibhulogi ye- Cassidiablo, Ngithole le ndatshana ethokozisayo ebikade ikhona isikhashana nokuthi yena uqobo wahumusha.

Yini leyo nto yeLinux?

I-Linux iyi uhlelo lokusebenza, njengeWindows noma iMacOSX. Lokhu kunesibopho sokusebenzisana nehadiwe yekhompyutha, kuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo. Njengoba iqukethe iqoqo lamathuluzi I-GNU, afana kakhulu nalawo atholakala ezinhlelweni ze-UNIX, kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi I-Gnu / Linux (empeleni leyo yindlela eyiyo yokuyibiza). Uma wake wasebenzisa uhlelo lwe-UNIX, uzozizwa usekhaya.

Lapho othile ekutshela ukuthi basebenzisa iLinux, basho ukuthini ukuthi basebenzisa okunye kokuhanjiswa (okubizwa nangokuthi i-distro) yeLinux. Ngaphandle kwezicelo ze-GNU, i I-Linux kernel (i-kernel) ayikwazi ukwenza okuningi, ngakho-ke i-distro "ukuhlanganiswa" kwesoftware efaka ifayela le- I-Linux kernel (ophethe ukusebenzisana nehadiwe), amathuluzi we-GNU, kanye nanoma iziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza umuntu odale i-distro azibona zidingeka, zilungiselelwe ngendlela yokuthi zisebenza kahle.

Njengoba kungewona wonke umuntu onombono ofanayo wohlelo oluhle zikhona amakhulukhulu ama-distros, futhi ngayinye inezici zayo. Isibonelo, kukhona ama-distros aklanyelwe ukwenza sebenzisa amakhompyutha anezinsiza ezimbalwa njengoba Damn Encane Linux, noma kuma-distros aphikisanayo njenge Sabayon yakhelwe ukwenziwa kusuka kumakhompyutha anamandla. Amanye ama-distros, njenge I-Gentoo zikhethwa yilabo basebenzisi abathanda ukuthi uhlelo lwabo babe nokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu. Amanye ama-distros, njenge Ideskithophu ye-SUSE Linux Enterprise enzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi ledeskithophu ngezivumelwano zokusekela. I-Red Hat, Ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa kabanzi kumaseva ezinkampani. Bese kuba khona CentOS y vulaSUSE banjani I-Red Hat y SLEDNgaphandle kwezinkontileka zokusekelwa ezivame ukudingwa izindawo zebhizinisi. Fedora inguqulo yedeskithophu yeRedHat, eyenzelwe abasebenzisi basekhaya, yize isetshenziswa kumaYunivesithi nase ngisho naseNASA. I-Debian yaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo, okwenza kube kuhle kumaseva, yize abantu abaningi bekhetha Ubuntu ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Kunezinye eziningi, kepha lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu.

Kungani usebenzisa i-Linux?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani kufanele ucabangele ukusebenzisa iLinux. Kimi ukuze Mackenzie umbhali we Article), isizathu esiyinhloko sokushintsha kwakuwukuzama okuthile okusha. Bengifuna ukwazi ukuthi yini ekhona ngaphandle kweWindows, engiqale ngayo, neMacOS, engingayithandi. Nazi ezinye izizathu:

• Kumahhala: Awudingi ukukhokha noma yini ukusebenzisa i-Linux. Iningi lesoftware yeLinux nayo imahhala.
• Ukhululekile: Enye yezinto esizishoyo ngeLinux ukuthi imvamisa imahhala, kepha ihlala imahhala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkululeko eza neLinux. Okusho ukuthi, ukhululekile ukuyisebenzisa, noma ngabe iyiphi inhloso yakho. Ukhululekile ukuyifunda futhi uyivumelanise nezidingo zakho. Noma ungenawo amakhono wokuhlela, kunabantu abaningi abangakwenzela kona. Ukhululekile ukuyabelana nabangani bakho ngaphandle kokwenza isigebengu. Ukuphela kwento ongeke uyenze ukuguqula ilayisensi yesoftware ngendlela yokuthi ayikhululekile.
• Kuphephile: I-Linux yakhelwe ukuthi ibe isistimu yabasebenzisi abaningi, ngakho-ke kunemikhawulo ethile ukuze kugcinwe uhlelo luphephile. Abasebenzisi abahlali besebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza njengomlawuli, ngakho-ke izenzo ezingathinta isistimu kumele zenziwe ngokusobala (hhayi ngephutha njengoba kwenzeka kuWindows). Isoftware ayinakufakwa ngaphandle kokuthi unamalungelo okuphatha, futhi uvunyelwe ngokusobala ukwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke amagciwane awakwazi ukuzifaka ngokwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iWindows ayizange yakhelwe ngomklamo wokuphepha; IMicrosoft icabanga ukuthi noma ngubani ophatha ikhompyutha unalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze abe umphathi omuhle wohlelo, nokuthi akekho omunye umuntu ongafinyelela kukhompyutha. Ngenxa yobukhona be-Intanethi, siyazi ukuthi kunabantu abaningi abangafundisa kumakhompyutha ethu ngenethiwekhi. Izinhlelo zeLinux zikuvimbela lokho. IWindows ithatha ukuthi zonke izenzo ezenziwayo zivunyelwe umlawuli, ngakho-ke i-malware namagciwane angazifaka ngokwawo. IMicrosoft ithathe izinyathelo zalokhu enguqulweni yakamuva yeWindows (Vista), ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo lokuhlola imvume ngaphambi kokuvumela izenzo ezithile, kepha indlela ekwenze ngayo iyamcasula umsebenzisi wokugcina.
• Kulula: Lokhu kusha. Bekuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu kumsebenzisi omusha ukuzama i-Linux, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukufakwa kwakunzima. Lokho yinto yesikhathi esedlule, manje ukufaka iLinux kulula ngenxa yamawizadi wokufaka. Lapho uhlelo selumisiwe, luyeka kuphela ngenxa yokwehluleka okuthile kwehadiwe. Umama wami (lowo Mackenzie) ufake i-Linux (Ubuntu) kusukela ngo-2006, futhi ulokhu etshela abangani bakhe ukuthi ishesha kangakanani futhi kulula kangakanani. Futhi abantu bathi ama-geek kuphela angasebenzisa i-Linux? Umama uthathe inyanga ukusetha i-imeyili yakhe… futhi abafowethu basangicela ukuthi ngibasize ukufaka isoftware ngemuva kokusebenzisa iWindows iminyaka emihlanu. Ku-Linux, umaka nje amanye amabhokisi wokuhlola ukukhombisa ohlelweni ukuthi ufuna ukufaka ini, bese uyalisebenzisa bese yilokho: ibheka isoftware, iyayilanda, iyifake, futhi iyilungiselele ngokuzimela (ku-Linux akukho izinto ezinjengama-serial noma izinkontileka noma ayikho enye into!).

Ungayithola kanjani iLinux?

Ungalanda ifayela le- Isithombe se-ISO kusuka kunoma yimaphi amawebhusayithi we-distro bese ushisa i-CD yakho ukuyifaka, noma ubuze noma yimuphi umngane osebenzisa i-Linux kwi-disc (khumbula ukuthi ukwaba akukho emthethweni kwe-Linux). Futhi, iCanonical (inkampani engemuva Ubuntu) izokwenza thumela ama-CD akho asekhaya mahhala ngokuphelele. Ungalanda izinhlobo ze-DVD (eziqukethe isoftware eningi) noma ama-distros amancane (Damn Small Linux ngokwesibonelo anesisindo esingu-50MB kuphela). Manje, uma ungafuni ukuyifaka ngokwakho, ungacela usizo ku-LUG yasendaweni (Iqembu Lomsebenzisi weLinux), kukhona ngisho imikhosi yokufaka isoftware yamahhala, ongathatha kuyo ikhompyutha yakho ukufaka i-Linux.

Futhi lelo penguin elindayo ngilibona yonke indawo?

U-Linus Torvalds, owaqala ukwakhiwa kwe-Linux kernel ngenkathi esafunda e-University of Helsinki, wake walunywa yiphengwini. Lapho kuvela umbono wokuba nelogo yeLinux, uphakamise ipenguin njengemascot. Uthe izinto ezingenziwa ngesilwane ezifuywayo zithakazelisa kakhulu futhi zimnandi kunalokho okungenziwa ngonxande othi "LINUX". Igama likaphengwini ngu I-Tux, futhi lokho kudalwe ngu ULarry ewing usebenzisa i-GIMP.

Isixhumanisi: Cassidiablo