Anan cikin Ubunlog Yawancin lokaci muna magana game da Linux, amma musamman game da tsarin aiki Ubuntu, dandano na hukuma da sauransu waɗanda suka dogara da shi. Yawancinmu mun san cewa Canonical ne ya haɓaka ta, amma daga ina kalmar da ta ba tsarin sunan ta fito? Shin kalma ce da aka kirkira kamar wasu da yawa a cikin software da yawa? Shin yana da ma'ana a cikin kowane yare? Bana tunanin zan bata maku idan nace eh, kalma ce ta Afirka da ta tsufa.
A gefe guda, shin kun taɓa mamakin abin da suka saba ƙirƙirar tambarinsu? Ba daidai yake da wanda Neofetch ya nuna ba, amma an yi shi da lanƙwasa uku tare da ƙwallo a tsakiya kowanne. Kamar yadda zaku koya a gaba, waɗancan ɓangarorin uku mutane ne kuma a cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku abubuwan 10 mafi ban sha'awa game da Ubuntu da duk abin da ke kewaye da shi, daga cikinsu muna da Canonical da Shugaba Mark Shuttleworth.
Menene Ubuntu ke tsaye kuma menene tambarinsa ke wakilta?
Ga yawancin mazaunan duniyar, Ubuntu sunaye ne na tsarin aiki ko ba komai, kalmar da basu sani ba. Amma ga 'yan Afirka, ko ga wasu daga cikinsu, kalma ce. Ba na kowa bane saboda tsohuwar magana ce da take magana a kanta falsafar, wanda ma'anar sa shine "mutuntaka ga wasu" ko "ma'anar fa'ida ga dukkanmu waɗanda muke kyautatawa mutane." Wannan wani abu ne da shahararren tsarin aiki ke son cimmawa.
Haka kuma, muna da tambari. Kamar yadda kake gani a hoton da ya gabata, sune mutane uku masu tallafawa juna da kafa al'umma rike juna da makamai. Idan aka kalli hoton, kuma wannan ra'ayi ne na mutum, kalmar "hadin kai" shima yana zuwa zuciya kuma shin kuna iya tuna me sunan Canonical ya baiwa yanayin zane wanda ya bunkasa (kuma ya watsar)?
Tsarin Ubuntu na ci gaba
Kowane rarraba yana da nasa ci gaban zagaye. Misali, Debian tana fitar da sabbin sigar ta kowace shekara ko biyu, ya danganta da lokacin da suke da komai da komai don aiki daidai. Sauran kamar Arch Linux suna amfani da samfurin ci gaba wanda aka sani da Rolling Release wanda suke sakin duk labarai lokacin da suka shirya, amma ba tare da ƙaddamar da sabon cikakken tsarin aiki ba (suna sakin ISOs don sabbin shigarwa).
A gefe guda kuma, Ubuntu yana fitar da sabon sigar tsarin aikinsa duk bayan watanni shida, a cikin sulusi uku na watannin Afrilu da Disamba. Sunan shine na tsarin aiki kuma lambobi biyu sun rabu da wani lokaci azaman XY: X shine shekara kuma Y shine wata, tare da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu kawai don Y (04 da 10) kuma basu da iyaka ga X, kodayake akwai Xs biyu a kowace shekara. Misali, an saki Ubuntu 20.04 kwanan nan wanda shine watan Afrilu (04) 2020 (20) OS.
Sunayen sunayen Ubuntu
Kamar yadda akwai wata hanya don ƙididdigar tsarin aiki, akwai kuma dokoki don zaɓar sunan suna. Tun fitowar sa ta farko a watan Oktoba 2004, da sunan codename yana amfani da sifa da sunan dabba wanda bakake ya dace.wiki):
| Siffa | animal | Shafi |
|---|---|---|
| Warty | Wartog | 4.10 |
| Hoary | bushiya | 5.04 |
| Breezy | Badger | 5.10 |
| Dapper | Drake | 6.06 LTS |
| m | Hudu | 6.10 |
| festy | Fawn | 7.04 |
| Gutsi | gibbon | 7.10 |
| Hardy | Heron | 8.04 LTS |
| M | ibex | 8.10 |
| Jazz | jacklope | 9.04 |
| Karmi | koala | 9.10 |
| Lucid | Lynx | 10.04 LTS |
| Maverick | Meerkat | 10.10 |
| Natty | Narwhal | 11.04 |
| dayaci | Wanda ya | 11.10 |
| Tsaida | pangolin | 12.04 LTS |
| Adadin | kwatsal | 12.10 |
| Ruwa | Sautin ringi | 13.04 |
| Sauyi | salamander | 13.10 |
| Amintacce | Tahr | 14.04 LTS |
| Utopian | unicorn | 14.10 |
| m | Vervet | 15.04 |
| son rai | yanyawa | 15.10 |
| Xenial | xerus | 16.04 LTS |
| yakkety | yak | 16.10 |
| Zesty | Zapus | 17.04 |
| Mai fasaha | gaskiya | 17.10 |
| Bionic | Beaver | 18.04 LTS |
| Cosmic | Cuttlefish | 18.10 |
| disco | Gone | 19.04 |
| Eoan | Ermine | 19.10 |
| Mai da hankali | Fossa | 20.04 LTS |
| Groovy | Gorilla | 20.10 |
| "MAFARKI" | "HAnimal" | 21.04 |
Canonical ba da farko ya yanke shawarar sunayen sunaye su zama kamar wannan ba kuma su bi tsarin baƙaƙe, amma ya ƙare ya zama al'ada.
Ubuntu yana da dandano na hukuma 7 ...
Pero samu kuma zai sami ƙari. A halin yanzu, al'ada ko babban dandano yana tare da Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Budgie da Ubuntu Kylin, tare da yanayin Plasma, Xfce, LXQt, MATE, Xfce (Plasma kamar na 20.10), Budgie da UKUI. Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana samun samfurin GNOME na Ubuntu, amma an dakatar da shi lokacin da Canonical ya yanke shawarar komawa GNOME bayan barin Unity. A nan gaba, tabbas suna iya haɗuwa da Ubuntu Cinnamon iyali, UbuntuDDE, Ubuntu Lumina da Ubuntu Unity, ayyukan da ke ɗaukar matakan farko a yanzu.
Haɗin kai, Canonical yanayi
Ƙungiyar Ubuntu yana ɗaukar matakan farko a yanzu, lokacin da suka saki fasalin farkon su. Zai yi amfani da zane mai zane wanda aka tsara ta Canonical a farkon wannan shekaru goma, wanda yayi alƙawarin haɗuwa tsakanin na'urorin da basu taɓa faruwa ba. Yawancin lokaci, ya watsar da yanayin zane, amma wasu sun ci gaba da ci gaban sa.
Haɗin kai ya canza hoton Ubuntu da yawa. Maimakon samun manya da ƙananan sanduna kamar dā, ya ci gaba da samun na sama da bayanai, kamar wanda aka bayar da tire ɗin tsarin, da tashar jirgin ruwa a hagu wancan, da kyau, da yawa daga cikinmu bamu tuna sosai. Kwamfutocin da suka fi dacewa sun sha wahala, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin masu amfani ke korafi. Saboda wannan dalili, an haifi Ubuntu MATE, wanda shine mafi kusa da asalin Ubuntu.
A cikin 2017, Canonical ya bar Unity don komawa zuwa fasalin zamani na GNOME 3.
Ubuntu Taɓa ko Waya
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙaddamar da Unity, Canonical kuma ya gaya mana game da sanannen haɗuwa wanda ya kasa samuwa. Amma ba don ba su yi ƙoƙari ba. Kamfanin ya fara haɓaka wani wayar hannu da sigar tabawa na tsarin aikin shi, wani abu kuma ya watsar don mai da hankali akan tebur.
UBports ya yanke shawarar karɓar lambar kuma sigar tafi-da-gidanka ta Ubuntu ta ci gaba, amma ba a ƙara kiranta Unity 8 kamar yadda aka zata ba, amma lomiri. A halin yanzu, Lomiri ya dace da wasu tashoshi kamar PinePhone ko Librem 5.
Canonical: kamfani mai zaman kansa da motar
Yawancin rarraba Linux an haɓaka su kuma ana kiyaye su ta hanyar masu sa kai da kuma masu amfani, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa, amma ba haka batun yake da Ubuntu ba. A wannan yanayin akwai kamfani mai zaman kansa a bayansa, kuma sunansa shine Canonical.
Canonical ne ke kula da tabbatar da cewa za'a gabatar da shi kowane watanni 6 kuma yana ba mu duka facin tsaro zama dole ga Ubuntu ya kasance amintacce kuma amintaccen tsarin aiki.
Mark Shuttlework, Shugaba da Shugaban Komai
Dukkanin kwakwalwarta shine Mark Shuttleworth, wani ɗan kasuwar Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya kafa kamfanin Canonical Ltd. kuma har yanzu shine Shugaba a yau. Shuttleworth yana tallafawa kamfaninsa, yana taimakawa tare da ci gaba, kuma yana kula da Ubuntu da sauran ayyukan buɗe ido. Kafin wannan, Mark ya kasance mai kula da Apache akan Debian kuma wannan yana daga cikin abin da ya sanya shi ƙirƙirar Ubuntu: sa Debian sauƙin amfani da isa ga mutane da yawa.
Shuttleworth shine ɗan Afirka na farko a sararin samaniya
Baya ga duk abin da ya shafi software, Shuttleworth yana son bincika duniya… da abubuwan da ke bayan. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin 2002 ya ƙare har zuwa sararin samaniya, ya zama african farko da ya bar duniya na biyu kuma suyi shi a matsayin yawon buɗe ido yana biyan kuɗin tafiyar da kansa. Bayan ya dawo kan tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya, ya kwashe kwanaki takwas yana halartar gwaje-gwajen da suka shafi kanjamau da kuma binciken kwayar halitta.
Ubuntu da tsohuwar jigilar kayayyaki
A farkon farawa, Ubuntu bai yi aiki kamar yanzu ba. Dole ne a ƙone shi zuwa CD don shigar da tsarin aiki. Saboda wannan dalili, Canonical ya ba da sabis wanda a ciki ya aiko mana da CD ɗin girkawa, kuma duk wannan kyauta. An kira sabis ɗin ShipIt kuma ni da kaina nayi la'akari da yin odar CD don kaina. Ban yi ba, wataƙila ban damu ba, kuma yanzu na yi nadama.