Apache sabar yanar gizo, shigarwa akan Ubuntu 20.04

A talifi na gaba zamu ga yadda za mu iya shigar da sabar yanar gizo ta Apache akan Ubuntu 20.04. Sabar HTTP Apache sabar yanar gizo ce wacce ke ba da ayyuka masu ƙarfi da yawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ɗakunan ɗora kaya masu ƙarfi, tallafi mai ƙarfi na kafofin watsa labarai, da haɗin kai mai yawa tare da sauran shahararrun software.

Kafin fara shigarwa, dole ne mu sami mai amfani na yau da kullun tare da gatan sudo wanda aka saita akan kwamfutar. Menene ƙari, dole ne mu taimaka a Firewall don toshe tashoshin jiragen ruwa marasa mahimmanci. Lokacin da muke da duk wannan, zamu iya shiga kamar wannan mara amfani da tushen don farawa.

Shigar da Apache

Apache shine ana samun su a cikin rumbun adana kayan aikin software na Ubuntu. A saboda wannan dalili za mu fara da sabunta bayanan fakitin cikin gida don samun sabbin canje-canje:

sudo apt update

Yanzu zamu iya shigar da kunshin apache2:

sudo apt install apache2

Bayan kafuwa zamu iya duba wane nau'in Apache muka girka bugawa a cikin wannan tashar:

sudo apache2ctl -v

Saitunan Firewall

Kafin gwajin Apache, kuna buƙata gyara saitunan bango don ba da damar zuwa waje zuwa tashar tashar yanar gizo ta yau da kullun. Za muyi wannan ɗauka cewa mun saita a Tacewar zaɓi kamar UFW saita don ƙuntata damar isa ga sabar.

Yayin shigarwa, Apache yayi rijista tare da UFW kuma yana ba da wasu Bayanan aikace-aikacen da za a iya amfani da su don ba da damar yin amfani da Apache ta hanyar Firewall.

Za mu iya jera waɗannan bayanan martaba buga:

sudo ufw app list

Kamar yadda kayan aiki ya nuna, akwai bayanan martaba guda uku don Apache:

• Apache → Wannan bayanin martaba kawai bude tashar jiragen ruwa 80 (zirga-zirgar gidan yanar gizo na al'ada)
• Apache Cikakken → Bude duka tashar jiragen ruwa 80 (zirga-zirgar gidan yanar gizo na al'ada) kamar tashar jiragen ruwa 443 (ɓoyayyen TLS / SSL zirga-zirga)
• Apache Secure → Wannan bayanin martaba kawai bude tashar jiragen ruwa 443 (ɓoyayyen TLS / SSL zirga-zirga)

Ga wannan misalin, tunda bamu tsara SSL ba tukuna, za mu ba da izinin zirga-zirga a tashar 80 kawai:

sudo ufw allow 'Apache'

Zamu iya tabbatar canji buga:

sudo ufw status

Duba sabar yanar gizo

A ƙarshen aikin shigarwa, Ubuntu 20.04 ya fara Apache, don haka yakamata sabar yanar gizo ta kasance tana aiki. Zamu iya tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar rubuta:

sudo systemctl status apache2

Umurnin da ke sama ya kamata ya nuna cewa sabis ɗin ya fara cikin nasara. Koyaya, hanya mafi kyau don gwada wannan shine neman shafi daga Apache. Zamu iya samun damar ta ta adireshin IP don tabbatar da cewa software ɗin tana gudana daidai. Idan baku san adireshin IP ba, ana iya samun sa ta buga a cikin m (Ctrl + Alt + T):

hostname -I

Wannan umarnin zai nuna mana wasu adiresoshin gida da aka raba su da sarari. Zamu iya gwada kowannensu a cikin burauzar gidan yanar gizo don ganin ko suna aiki. Wadannan yakamata su bamu damar ganin tsoho shafin yanar gizo na Ubuntu 20.04 Apache:

Wannan shafin kuma ya hada da bayanai na asali kan muhimman fayilolin Apache da wuraren adireshi.

Sarrafa Apache

Yanzu muna da sabar yanar gizo da ke aiki, bari mu gani wasu umarnin gudanarwa na asali tare da systemctl.

para dakatar da sabar yanar gizo:

sudo systemctl stop apache2

Fara sabar yanar gizo lokacin da aka tsaya:

sudo systemctl start apache2

para tsaya kuma fara sabis:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Idan kawai muna yin canje-canje ga daidaitawa, Ana iya sake shigar da Apache ba tare da rasa hanyoyin haɗi ba buga:

sudo systemctl reload apache2

Ta tsohuwa, Apache an saita shi don farawa ta atomatik tare da kwamfuta. Zamu iya kashe wannan buga:

sudo systemctl disable apache2

para sake kunna sabis don farawa:

sudo systemctl enable apache2

Apache Mai Mahimman fayiloli da Kundayen adireshi

Abun ciki

• / var / www / html → Ya hada da Shafin yanar gizo. Ana iya canza wannan a cikin fayilolin sanyi na Apache.

Saitin uwar garke

• / sauransu / apache2 → Duk Fayilolin sanyi na Apache zauna a nan.
• /etc/apache2/apache2.conf Is Game da Apache babban fayil ɗin sanyi.
• /etc/apache2/ports.conf Wannan fayil ɗin ƙayyade tashar jiragen ruwa da Apache za su saurara.
• / sauransu / apache2 / shafukan-akwai / → Littafin adireshi inda za'a iya adana runduna ta kamala ta kowane shafi. Apache ba zai yi amfani da fayilolin sanyi da aka samo a cikin wannan kundin adireshin ba sai dai idan suna da alaƙa da kundin adireshin yanar gizo. Gabaɗaya, duk saitunan kulle uwar garken ana yin su a cikin wannan kundin adireshin.
• / sauransu / apache2 / sites-enabled / Ory Littafin adireshi inda aka adana runduna masu kama da yanar gizo. Waɗannan galibi ana ƙirƙirar su ne ta hanyar haɗi zuwa fayilolin sanyi da aka samo a cikin kundin adireshin rukunin yanar gizo tare da a2ensite. Apache yana karanta fayilolin sanyi da haɗi a cikin wannan kundin adireshin lokacin da ya fara ko sake lodawa don tattara cikakken tsari.
• / sauransu / apache2 / conf-available /, / sauransu / apache2 / conf-enabled / Waɗannan kundayen adireshin suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya da kundin adireshi da ke akwai shafuka da shafuka masu aiki, amma ana amfani dasu don adana gutsutsuren tsararru waɗanda ba na mahaɗan ba.
• / sauransu / apache2 / mods-available /, / sauransu / apache2 / mods-enabled / Wadannan kundin adireshi ƙunshe da wadatattun kayayyaki da aka kunna, bi da bi.

Rubutun sabar

• /var/log/apache2/access.log → Kowane buƙata zuwa sabar yanar gizo tana cikin wannan fayil ɗin log ɗin sai dai in ba haka ba.
• /var/log/apache2/error.log → Ta tsohuwa, duk kurakurai suna cikin wannan fayil ɗin.

Za a iya samu ƙarin bayani game da wannan sabar a cikin aikin yanar gizo.