Linux don masu farawa: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Duniyar Tsarukan aiki don kwamfutoci sanannen rashin tausayi ne. Ga kowane tsarin aiki da ke jagorantar kasuwa kamar Windows da macOS, akwai ɗimbin hanyoyin da ba a sani ba waɗanda ke fafitikar samun karɓuwa. Kusan kamar dai kasuwar tsarin aiki tana ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ƙin mamayar wata halitta ɗaya. Dangane da wannan fage mai fa'ida, yana iya zama abin mamaki don sanin cewa Linux, tsarin aiki mai kyauta kuma buɗaɗɗen tsarin aiki wanda al'umma masu kishin sa kai suka haɓaka, a yau yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin aiki da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya. A gaskiya ma, mai yiwuwa kuna amfani da shi kullum ba tare da saninsa ba. Menene ainihin Linux, me yasa ya sami nasara sosai kuma menene makomarsa? Ci gaba da karatu don gano…

A kadan tarihi

Linux tsarin aiki ne na buɗaɗɗen tushe wanda mai haɓakawa mai suna ya ƙirƙira Linus B Torvalds a cikin 1991. Sunan Linux ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa tsarin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin shirye-shirye daban-daban waɗanda duk suke aiki tare kamar "gunkin tubalin Lego." A zahiri, Linux an ƙirƙira shi azaman madadin wani tsarin aiki da ake kira Minix. Torvalds ya fara shirin amfani da Minix akan kwamfutarsa ​​amma, saboda ƙayyadaddun manufofin ba da lasisi, ya kasa yin hakan. Saboda haka, ya fara haɓaka wani madadin tsarin aiki daga karce wanda yake da kyauta kuma buɗe tushen.

A zamaninsa, an yi amfani da Linux kusan na masu shirye-shirye ne kawai na duniyar ilimi. Kamfanoni kuma sun yi amfani da tsarin aiki kawai don ƙwararrun aikace-aikace. Babu tallafi da yawa tsakanin matsakaitan masu amfani da kwamfuta. Koyaya, a cikin 2001, shaharar Linux ta fara girma sosai. Wannan shine lokacin da masu haɓaka Linux suka ƙirƙiri nau'in tsarin aiki wanda ke aiki akan kwamfutoci na Intel. Daga baya ya zama sananne da "Linux Kernel" kuma mafi mashahuri sigar har yanzu ana san shi da wannan sunan.

Menene Linux?

Linux kwaya ce, ko da yake kuma ana amfani da shi azaman suna don zayyana tsarin aiki na bude tushen bisa tsarin aiki na Unix, kodayake ba zuriyarsa ba ne, amma clone. Asalin Linux wani masarrafa ne guda daya mai suna Linus Torvalds ya rubuta shi, amma daga baya ya bayyana lambar sa ga jama'a, wanda ya baiwa sauran masu shirye-shirye damar ingantawa da fadada shi. Waɗannan masu shirye-shiryen sun raba lambar su tare da sauran duniya kuma an haifi al'ummar Linux mai buɗewa. Linux yana yin shi duka, daga kwamfutocin tebur zuwa na'urori masu ƙarfi, wayoyin hannu, har ma da wasu nau'ikan jiragen ruwa. Yawancin mutane suna amfani da Linux a kowace rana ba tare da saninsa ba. Misali, Android ta dogara ne akan nau'in Linux da aka gyara, kamar yadda tsarin aikin Chrome yake, wanda ke ba da iko akan Chromebooks. Kamfanoni kamar Amazon da Microsoft, da gwamnatocin duniya, suna amfani da Linux.

Bambance-bambancen Linux (rarrabuwa ko distros)

Akwai bambance-bambancen Linux da yawa, amma mafi mashahuri sune Debian, Ubuntu da Red Hat…

• Debian shine rarraba Linux wanda ake amfani dashi da farko don sabobin, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, da sauran nau'ikan abubuwan more rayuwa.
• Ubuntu yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun rabawa na Linux waɗanda masu amfani da tebur ke amfani da su. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don abubuwa kamar na'urorin Intanet na Abubuwa da ƙari.
• Red Hat shine rarraba kasuwanci na Linux wanda kasuwancin ke amfani da shi da farko. Ba kamar Ubuntu ba, ba kyauta bane don amfani.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Linux tsarin aiki ne na bude tushen da ke da da yawa tabbatacce fasali. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin amfani da Linux shine cewa yana da kyauta don saukewa da amfani. Wannan yana nufin cewa da zarar kun sami shigarwar Linux akan na'urar ku, babu farashi mai gudana. Bugu da ƙari, ba kome ba ko wace irin kwamfutar da kuke da ita: Linux zai yi aiki akan Macs, PCs, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da ƙari. Linux kuma yana da aminci sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda akwai ɗimbin al'umma na masu haɓakawa da ke aiki don kare kai daga hare-haren hacker a kowane lokaci. Linux kuma yana ba ku damar daidaita wasu saitunan don zama mafi inganci. Misali, zaku iya canza yadda ake adana bayanai akan na'urarku da sau nawa na'urarku ke sabunta ƙa'idodi ta atomatik. Wani fa'idar amfani da Linux shine cewa ana iya amfani dashi don ayyuka daban-daban. Wannan saboda akwai nau'ikan Linux daban-daban waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don yawan aikace-aikace.

Daya daga cikin manyan fursunoni Yin amfani da Linux shine cewa baya gudanar da wasu shirye-shirye waɗanda masu amfani da Windows da macOS ke amfani da su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da iTunes, QuickBooks, wasu aikace-aikacen imel, da wasu nau'ikan shirye-shiryen Adobe. Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan Linux iri-iri da yawa waɗanda ke yin wannan ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan fasalulluka a cikin nasu tsarin aiki.

Me yasa ya shahara?

Ya juya cewa Linux ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu haɓakawa da masu gudanar da tsarin. Samfurin buɗe tushen Linux yana ba su damar raba lamba kyauta, koyo daga juna, da haɗin kai akan ayyuka. A yawancin lokuta, wannan yana nufin cewa Linux ya kasance cikakke akan lokaci, samfurin ƙoƙari da fahimtar dubban masana'antu mafi kyau da haske. Saboda Linux buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, ana ɗaukarsa amintacce kuma zaɓi mai ɗa'a don amfanin gwamnati da cibiyoyi. Hakanan yana da cikakken tushe na lamba, yana sauƙaƙa don duba yuwuwar rauni. Hakanan, Linux yana da kyauta don saukewa da rarrabawa, yana mai da shi mai araha sosai ga ƙungiyoyi masu girma dabam. Kuma yayin da ake ɗaukar Linux a matsayin tsarin aiki mai daraja na kasuwanci, yana kuma da fa'idar amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyare.

A ina za ku sami Linux?

Dangane da wanda kuka tambaya, ana iya samun Linux a wurare da yawa. Dangane da yadda aka ayyana Linux, ana samun tsarin aiki akan ɗimbin na'urori da guntu na software. Android, alal misali, yana dogara ne akan kernel Linux. Haka kuma uwar garken OpenSSH. Kuma ana amfani da Linux akan dukkan kwamfutocin Macintosh na Apple, da ma na’urorin sa na MacOS. Don ƙarin takamaiman, waɗannan su ne wuraren da za a iya samun Linux:

• Wayar hannu: Android, Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Ubuntu Touch
• Kwamfutar Desktop: Kwamfutar Apple, da PC
• Linux sabobin
• Wasu: smartwatchs, smart TVs (webOS da Tizen), Cisco Routers, Tesla motoci, da ƙari mai yawa.

Makoma mai kyau

Ko da yake bai yi nasara da filin PC ba, Linux yana da makoma mai haske. Gaskiyar magana, yana da wahala a iya hasashen makomar kowace fasaha ko samfur. Amma abu ɗaya da alama tabbatacce: Shaharar Linux ba za ta mutu ba nan da nan. Tare da duk saka hannun jari da ci gaba a bayan Linux, tsarin aiki mai buɗewa zai iya ci gaba da faɗaɗa zuwa sabbin kasuwanni da amfani da lokuta. A matsayin samfur ɗin da aka rarraba cikin 'yanci kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe, Linux kuma yana yiwuwa ya ci gaba da haɓaka cikin sauri, ƙila ma ya zama sabon tsarin aiki.

ƙarshe

Linux tsarin aiki ne wanda hanyar mu'amala da fasaha ta canza. An yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi ta hanyar kamfanoni da yawa a duniya. An kuma yi amfani da shi a cikin kayayyaki da yawa da muke amfani da su a kowace rana, kamar wayoyinmu, agogon mu, har ma da motoci. Tarihin Linux tabbas abu ne mai ban sha'awa kuma zai ci gaba da zama babban mahimmanci a gare mu a nan gaba. Yanzu da kuka san menene Linux, dalilin da yasa ya shahara sosai, da kuma inda zaku iya samunsa, mataki na gaba shine gwada shi da kanku.