GNU mataki saitin ɗakunan karatu ne na Manufar-C m bisa ainihin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na Bude Mataki NeXT ya haɓaka (yanzu mallakar Apple kuma an haɗa shi cikin Mac OS X).
Yanayin ana siffanta shi ta hanyar samar da tsarin haɓaka aikace-aikacen da ya dace da abu da saitin kayan aikin don amfani akan dandamali iri-iri na kwamfuta. Ƙara koyo game da aikin GNUstep, madadin, da sauransu.
Game da GNUstep
GNU mataki ya taso daidai bayan ya bar Apple, marigayi Steve Jobs, ya kafa sabon kamfani, NeXT, da burin samar da ingantacciyar kwamfuta.
A 1989, da tsarin aiki da aka saki ga wannan inji, da ake kira Mataki na gaba. Kodayake da farko ana samunsa akan NeXT Cube, NeXTStep yana da tasiri sosai.
An kera mashigin yanar gizo na farko, WorldWideWeb (wanda aka sake masa suna Nexus), akan wannan injin. (Mawallafin, Tim Berners-Lee, ya yi iƙirarin cewa mai bincikensa ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da kyakkyawan yanayin ci gaban NeXTStep ba.) Wata software da aka haɓaka akan injunan NeXT ita ce Doom.
Bayan wasu shekaru. A cikin 1993, NeXT ya haɗu da Sun don samar da ƙayyadaddun OpenStep. Sauƙaƙen sigar NeXT APIs ne, wanda aka yi niyya don haɓaka dandamali kuma an raba wannan zuwa sassa biyu:
- Ɗayan su kayan aikin kayan aiki wanda ya samar da ƙananan ɗakunan karatu kamar kirtani, tsarin haɗin gwiwa, da fayil I / O.
- Wani kuma yana cikin kayan aikin da suka samar da kayan aikin GUI da sabis masu alaƙa.
Sun ta ɗan goyi bayan OpenStep akan Solaris, yayin da NeXT ya fitar da wani sabon nau'in tsarin aikin su, mai suna OPENSTEP mai cike da rudani, wanda aka samar da shi don gine-gine daban-daban, ciki har da x86, da NeXT kuma ya ba da aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da ke aiki akan Windows.
A lokacin, GNU Project ya kasance mai sha'awar tsarin NeXT. Mutane da yawa sun ga OPENSTEP a matsayin ingantaccen tsarin aiki na UNIX. Na ɗan lokaci, tsarin aikin GNU an yi nufin ya yi kama da NeXTstep.
A nan yana da kyau a lura da hakan An gina kwaya ta GNU HURD akan tushe iri ɗaya na Mach fiye da NeXTStep, amma tare da ƙira mai ƙima. GNU na aiwatar da APIs na NeXT ne ya samar da Layer interface mai hoto.
Aikin GNUstep ya sami ci gaba sosai bayan an fitar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun OpenStep a cikin 1994, amma ya sha wahala daga wasu batutuwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin GNUstep shine gaskiyar cewa ƙananan masu haɓakawa ne aka fallasa su zuwa NeXTstep ko OPENSTEP. Daga nan sai Apple ya samu NeXT, wanda ya rage farashin NeXT hardware kuma ya shahara da tsarin aiki na NeXTstep.
Kamar yadda yawancin masu haɓakawa suka saba da kyawun OpenStep API ta hanyar aiwatar da Apple, wanda aka sani da Cocoa, an sake farfado da sha'awar aikin. A cikin 2000s, GNUstep ya aiwatar da ƙari ko žasa duk ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun OpenStep, da ƙari daban-daban zuwa OS X.
Kwayar GNUstep tana ba da buɗaɗɗen sigar APIs da kayan aikin koko waɗanda ke goyan bayan shahararrun dandamali da yawa. GNUstep yana ba da ingantaccen aiwatar da ɗakunan karatu na AppKit da Foundation, da kayan aikin haɓakawa, gami da ƙwararrun ƙirar ƙirar Gorm (InterfaceBuilder) da IDE ProjectCenter (ProjectBuilder / Xcode).
GNU mataki yana neman dacewa da lambar tushe na Cocoa, don haka ana iya amfani dashi don haɓakawa da gina aikace-aikacen giciye tsakanin Macintosh (Cocoa), Unix (Solaris) da Unix-like (GNU / Linux da GNU / Hurd, NetBSD, OpenBSD, dandamali na FreeBSD) da Windows.
Ba a rubuta GNUstep a cikin C. Babban harshen ci gaba na GNUstep shine Manufar-C, amma GNUstep bai iyakance ga wannan ba.
GNUstep dakunan karatu suna rufe da GNU Lesser Public License (Library). Wannan gabaɗaya yana nufin cewa zaku iya amfani da waɗannan ɗakunan karatu a cikin kowane shiri (har ma da shirye-shirye marasa kyauta) ba tare da shafar lasisin shirin ku ko kowane ɗakin karatu da GNUstep ke da alaƙa da shi ba.
Idan kun rarraba ɗakunan karatu na GNUstep tare da shirin ku, dole ne ku samar da kayan haɓakawa da kuka yi zuwa ɗakunan karatu na GNUstep kyauta. Kayan aikin GNUstep na tsaye suna da lasisi ƙarƙashin ma'aunin GPL.
Finalmente idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin sani game da shi, zaku iya bincika cikakkun bayanai a cikin link mai zuwa