A cikin labarin na gaba zamu duba wasu dabaru da zaɓuɓɓuka na umarnin kwanan wata. Lokacin da masu amfani suke amfani da rarraba Gnu / Linux, muna da ɗimbin umarni a hannunmu. Tare da su za mu iya samun bayanai game da ayyuka, aiwatarwa, abubuwan tsarin da sauran abubuwa da yawa. Duk waɗannan umarnin suna mai da hankali kan ba da damar gudanarwa ta dace da goyan baya.
Ofayan waɗannan dokokin da ake dasu shine kwanan wata. Ana amfani da wannan don sami kwanan wata tsarin lokaci da lokaci ko ma sanya ranar tsarin. Kodayake mafi yawan amfani dashi shine buga kwanan wata da lokaci a cikin tsari daban daban harma da lissafin abubuwan da zasu zo nan gaba da na baya. A cikin layuka masu zuwa zamu ga wasu ra'ayoyi na asali da zaɓuɓɓuka akan amfani da wannan umarnin.
Yi amfani da umarnin kwanan wata a Ubuntu
Don farawa, dole ne a faɗi haka tsarin amfani da umarnin kwanan wata Yana da kamar haka:
date [OPCIÓN] ... [+FORMATO]
Idan muna so duba tsarin lokaci da kwanan wata ta amfani da tsari na tsoho, a cikin m (Ctrl + Alt T) kawai zaku rubuta:
date
Kayan aikin zai hada da; ranar mako, wata, ranar wata, lokaci, yankin lokaci, da shekara.
Zaɓuɓɓukan tsara don umarnin kwanan wata
Fitarwa na umarnin kwanan wata zamu iya tsara tare da jerin haruffa don sarrafa tsarin da alamar + ta gabata. Tsarin sarrafawa yana farawa tare da alamar% kuma ana maye gurbinsu da ƙimomin da suka dace a cikin fitarwa:
date +"Año: %Y, Mes: %m, Día: %d"
Halin % Y za'a maye gurbinsa da shekara, % m tare da wata kuma% d tare da ranar watan. Wani misalin tsarin sarrafawa zai zama mai zuwa:
date "+FECHA: %D%nHORA: %T"
Nan gaba zamu ga karami jerin wasu haruffan tsara abubuwa gama gari:
- % a → Gajeren sunan ranar.
- % A → Cikakken sunan ranar.
- % b month Raguwa watan.
- % B → Sunan cikakken watan.
- % d → Ranar wata.
- % H → Lokaci. Daga 00 zuwa 23.
- % I → Lokaci. Daga 01 zuwa 12.
- % j → Lambobi na shekara.
- % m number Lamba na wata.
- Mintuna% M..
- % S → Seconds.
- % u → Adadin ranar mako.
- % Y → Cikakken shekara.
para sami cikakken jerin duk zaɓuɓɓukan tsarawa, a cikin tashar zamu iya amfani da:
date --help
Hakanan zamu iya amfani da shafin mutum daidai:
man date
Kirtanin kwanan wata
Zaɓin -d zai ba mu damar amfani da takamaiman kwanan wata. Zamu iya tantance kwanan wata azaman zaren kwanan wata na mutum:
date -d "19:47:47 2019-02-09"
Hakanan zamu iya amfani da Tsarin al'ada:
date -d '02 Feb 1982' +'%A, %d %B %Y'
Hakanan zaren na iya karɓar ƙimomi kamar; "gobe "," juma'a "," jumma'a ta ƙarshe "" jumma'a mai zuwa "," wata mai zuwa "," mako mai zuwa "..etc.
date -d "next month"
Wani zaɓin da yake akwai zai kasance san ainihin ranar wasu kwanan wata tare da layi mai zuwa:
date -d "2019-06-28" +"%A"
Rage yankin lokaci na yanzu
Tsohuwa, umarnin kwanan wata yayi amfani da yankin lokaci wanda aka bayyana a cikin kundin adireshin / sauransu / lokacin gida. Yanayin canjin yanayi TZ (TimeZone) ana iya amfani dashi don shawo kan wannan halayyar. Don amfani da yankin lokaci daban, ana iya saita TZ mai canza yanayi zuwa yankin lokaci da ake so.
Misali, don nuna lokaci a Kabul, Asiya, za mu rubuta a cikin m (Ctrl + Alt + T):
TZ='Asia/Kabul' date
Don jera dukkan samfuran lokaci zamu iya jera fayilolin a cikin / usr / share / zoneinfo directory ko amfani da umarnin timedatectl list-timezones.
Yadda zaka canza zamanin zuwa ranar Linux
Ana iya amfani da umarnin kwanan wata azaman mai sauyawa. Epoch ya Niananan timestamps, shine adadin sakanni da suka shude tun daga 1 ga Janairun 1970 a 00:00:00 UTC.
para buga adadin dakika daga wannan lokacin zuwa yau, duk abin da za ku yi shi ne amfani da tsarin tsari na% s:
date +%s
Hakanan zamu iya samun seconds har sai wani takamaiman kwanan wata:
date -d "2019-06-05" +"%s"
para maida dakika zuwa kwanan wata, kawai ya kamata ka saita dakika a matsayin zaren kwanan wata:
date -d @1559604647
Nuna lokacin gyara na ƙarshe na fayil tare da kwanan wata
Idan mukayi amfani umarnin kwanan wata tare da zaɓin -r zamu iya samun lokacin gyara na ƙarshe na fayil. Alal misali:
date -r /etc/hosts
Idan kanaso ka gyara timestamp na file din, zaka iya amfani dashi umurnin shãfe.
Sanya tsarin kwanan wata da lokaci
Idan kana son saita agogon tsarin da hannu, zaka iya amfani da zabin “–Set =”. Misali, idan muna son sanya rana da lokaci zuwa 2:30 na yamma a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin, 2019, za mu buga:
date --set="20190701 14:30"
Yawancin lokaci, ba a ba da shawarar saita tsarin kwanan wata da lokaci da hannu tare da umarnin kwanan wata. A yawancin rarrabawa, ana haɗa agogon tsarin da sabis NTP ko tsarin-timesyncd.
Babu wani abu da kuka sanya ƙarƙashin Ubuntu Server ya yi aiki a gare ni