Yadda ake yin boot ɗin Ubuntu daga USB

Tun da na dade ban yi amfani da yawancin Windows ba, ina shakkar har yanzu suna wanzuwa, amma na san sun yi. Idan tsarin windows ba zai iya yin boot ba, akwai wannan abu da ake kira boot disks, kuma abin da suka yi shi ne za mu iya shiga cikin tsarin aiki ko da ba kai tsaye daga rumbun kwamfutarka ba. Wannan blog ne wanda ke game da wani abu dabam, kuma akwai wasu waɗanda ke da shakka Yadda ake yin boot ɗin Ubuntu daga USB.

Amma farko abubuwa da farko. Abin da kuke nema shine kawai ƙirƙirar kebul don, idan akwai haɗari, Ubuntu zai iya yin taya daga gare ta? Mu yi hakuri mu ce babu shi. Kodayake duk tsarin aiki suna da nasu bootloaders, kowanne yana aiki a hanya. A cikin Linux, wannan manajan shine GRUB, wanda guntun sunansa ya fito daga GNU GRand Unified Bootloader. Ko kuma aƙalla haka yake idan aka shigar da tsarin aiki fiye da ɗaya akan kwamfuta ɗaya. A kowane hali, ba za ku iya manne bootloader a cikin USB don fara Ubuntu lokacin da ba za ku iya ba. Haka ne, ana iya yin wasu abubuwa, kuma abin da za mu yi ƙoƙarin yin bayani ke nan ke nan.

Yin booting daga USB ba zai yiwu ba akan Ubuntu, amma akwai wasu hanyoyi

Gyara Tafa

Kimanin shekaru biyar kenan zamuyi magana dakai a karon farko na Gyara Tafa Zuwa wane Ubunlog. Sunanta ya bayyana da kyau abin da ake bukata: don gyara taya, kuma kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da su sosai a cikin Ubuntu. Software ce wacce aka kera ta musamman don gyara GRUB da mayar da boot ɗin Ubuntu. Matsalar ita ce muna buƙatar wata kwamfuta don yin wasu motsi. Tsarin da aka bayyana mataki-mataki zai kasance kamar haka:

1. Mun ƙirƙiri wani faifan tayaBari mu faɗi daidai, na USB Live Ubuntu. A ciki wannan labarin daga jagoranmu mun yi bayani dalla-dalla.
2. Muna sake kunnawa kuma mu fara daga kebul na USB. Wannan matakin zai bambanta kuma zai dogara da ƙungiyar da muke ciki. Idan ba ta yi ta kai tsaye ba, abin da za mu fara yi shi ne kashe kayan aiki, kunna shi kuma shigar da tsarinsa (setup). A wasu na'urorin yana tare da (Fn) F2, a wasu kuma tare da maɓallin "Del" ko "Del" kuma a wasu tare da wasu; Dole ne ku gano menene don samun damar shigar da wannan tsarin. A cikin tsari dole ne mu nemo sashin taya, kuma sanya USB a matsayin abu na farko da yake ƙoƙarin karantawa.
3. Da zarar an fara Zama na Live na Ubuntu, sai mu ce "Gwaɗa Ubuntu" ko "Gwaɗa Ubuntu" idan mun riga mun sanya shi cikin yarenmu, za mu ɗauka cewa Mutanen Espanya ne.
4. Yanzu muna buɗe tashar (zaku iya tare da Ctrl + Alt + T) kuma ku rubuta waɗannan don shigarwa Gyara Tafa:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

5. Tare da sashin ƙarshe na umarnin, kayan aikin za a kashe ta atomatik, kuma dole ne mu bi umarnin da ke bayyana akan allon don gyara boot ɗin Ubuntu da muke da shi akan rumbun kwamfutarka. Yana da wahala a fi dacewa a bayyana matakan da ɗaukar hotuna, saboda ya kamata mu karya Ubuntu's GRUB da gangan kuma wannan ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba.
6. Lokacin da gyara ya cika, abin da ya rage shi ne sake yi, kuma ya kamata ya yi tari kullum.

Sake shigar da GRUB

Ba shi da alaƙa da batun taya na USB, amma yana iya zama wata mafita, kuma mafita ba ta taɓa yin rauni ba. Za a gyara shi kamar haka:

1. Mun fara daga LiveUSB.
2. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, lokacin da ya gaya mana abin da za mu yi, mun zaɓi zaɓi don gwada tsarin aiki don samun damar amfani da duk kayan aikin sa.
3. Yanzu da muke ciki, muna buɗe tasha, wani abu da za a iya yi tare da haɗin maɓalli Ctrl+alt+T.
4. Muna amfani da wannan umarni don gano ɓangaren da aka sanya Ubuntu akan:

sudo fdisk -l

6. Muna hawa ɓangaren Ubuntu a cikin /mnt directory tare da wannan umarni (canza X da Y zuwa na tuƙi da bangare, kamar sda1):

sudo mount /dev/sdXY/mnt

7. Yanzu dole ka hau na musamman tsarin partitions:

don i in /sys /proc /run /dev; yi sudo mount --bind "$i" "/mnt$i"; ba da gudummawa

8. A mataki na gaba kuma tare da umarni mai zuwa, za mu canza tushen directory zuwa ɓangaren da aka ɗora:

sudo chroot /mnt

9. Na gaba za mu sake shigar da GRUB akan rumbun kwamfutarka (kamar yadda a baya, canza X zuwa harafin drive, kamar sda):

grub-install /dev/sdX

10. Muna sabunta tsarin GRUB:

sabunta-grub

11. A cikin ƴan matakai na gaba za mu yi aiki da hanyarmu ta dawowa, farawa da fita daga zaman chroot tare da "fita" ba tare da ambato ba.
12. Yanzu mun cire na musamman tsarin partitions:

don i in /sys /proc /run /dev; yi sudo umount "/mnt$i"; ba da gudummawa

13. A ƙarshe, za mu sake kunna kwamfutar. Don yin wannan, ba lallai ne mu manta da cire USB ɗin shigarwa ba, in ba haka ba zai sake shiga daga gare ta kuma ba za mu ga canje-canje ba.

Sake shigar da tsarin aiki

Idan abin da ke sama bai gyara shi ba, wani madadin shine sake shigar ubuntu. Don yin wannan, daga USB ɗin da muke ƙoƙarin gyara farkon Ubuntu za mu iya sake shigar da tsarin aiki. A ciki wannan labarin Mun bayyana yadda ake shigar da Ubuntu mataki-mataki. Idan muka bi abin da aka yi bayani a can, zai kai ga gano cewa mun riga an shigar da Ubuntu, kuma zai ba mu damar shigar da sabuwar Ubuntu tare da tsohuwar Ubuntu ko sanya shi a samansa. Zaɓin da ba shi da kyau shi ne a yi shi ɗaya kusa da ɗayan, tunda zai sake shigar da GRUB, sabon GRUB yakamata ya maye gurbin tsohon kuma zai yiwu a shigar da abin da muke kira "tsohuwar Ubuntu" a nan. Mummunan abu, ba shakka, shine daga baya zamu sami Ubuntu guda biyu akan kwamfuta ɗaya.

Amma ba irin wannan mummunan zaɓi ba ne, tunda daga baya, tare da GParted, zamu iya cire "sabon Ubuntu" kuma mu canza girman "tsohuwar Ubuntu" ta yadda zai dawo da duk sararin samaniya. Amma mafi aminci abu a nan ina ganin shi ne reinstall, zuwa "Ƙarin zažužžukan" da kuma ba alama a matsayin format tushen babban fayil (/) ko / gida, idan muna da shi.

Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin ya warware wasu shakku, kuma sama da duka, ya taimaka wajen gyara matsala mai tsanani kuma Ubuntu ya sake farawa, ko aƙalla cewa kun sami damar dawo da mahimman takardu.