Kudala, kokuthunyelwe kwethu Zisebenza kanjani izimvume zefayela ku-Linux (I) Sibone ukuqala kokuqonda ukuthi singasebenza kanjani nezimvume zokufinyelela kusistimu yethu yokusebenza esiyithandayo. Sizamile ukuba lula ukuthi sikwazi ukufinyelela ngempumelelo kulabo abasanda kwenza izikhali zabo zokuqala kule nkundla, kepha, njengoba cishe kuzo zonke izihloko, sinethuba lokufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi kancane kancane sizokubona .
Sishiywe yilokho umyalo othi "ls -l" usikhombisa khona, ngemuva kwalokho sithola imininingwane yakho konke okusungulwe uhlelo ngalunye lwemikhombandlela, imibhalo engezansi namafayela. Kepha zonke lezi zimvume azikwazi ukusethwa kuphela ngezinhlamvu r, w no-x ezibonisa ukufunda, ukubhala nokwenza ngokulandelana, kepha futhi sebenzisa isibalo samanani sezimvume, into esizoyibona kulokhu okuthunyelwe futhi kamuva ezosivumela ukuthi sisebenze nomask, ukusebenza okuzochaza izimvume ifayela ngalinye elenziwe enkombeni ethile ku Linux.
Kepha izinto zokuqala kuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi lezo zinombolo zisho ukuthini kwesinye isikhathi lapho sibona lapho kukhulunywa ngomyalo we-chmod, one-syntax efana nale engezansi:
chmod [ongakhetha] imodi yefayela.
Ngakho-ke, impela sesike sayibona into efana nale: chmod 755 ~ / Downloads / DTStoAC3.
Okwenziwe lapho ukunikezwa kokufunda nokwenza izimvume zabo bonke abasebenzisi abangena ohlelweni (lomphakathi) nakwalabo abayingxenye yeqembu lomsebenzisi ongumnikazi wefayela, naye onemvume yokubhala, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwakhe ongaguqula okuqukethwe kwefayela. Ukuqonda lokhu kufanele sihambe ngezingxenye ezithile, futhi ngenxa yalokhu besivele sibonile kokuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini ukuthi kufanele sihlukanise izinkomba eziyisishiyagalolunye ngamaqembu amathathu: umnikazi, iqembu nabanye.
Umnikazi ungumdali wefayela noma umnikazi we-akhawunti yomsebenzisi akhiwe kumafolda wawo, futhi into ejwayelekile ukuthi ingakwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi kulawa mafayela. Izimvume zeqembu zinquma ukuthi yini umsebenzisi angayenza, oyingxenye yeqembu elifanayo nomsebenzisi ongumnikazi wefayela, futhi izimvume zabanye zisho ukuthi noma yimuphi umsebenzisi ofinyelela ohlelweni lwethu angenzani noma angakwazi ukwenzani.. Lapha kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamafayela nezinkomba, ngaphezu kwanoma yini maqondana nemvume yokwenza (imvume yokufunda nokubhala icacile ezimweni zombili) futhi lokho ukuthi uma unefayela kungasetshenziswa noma kuqaliswe (ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo oluyingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza noma umdlalo) ngenkathi Endabeni yomkhombandlela, imvume yokwenza izosivumela ukuthi senze uhlu lwayo (okungukuthi, yenza "ls" ukubona okungaphakathi kwayo).
Okunquma leyo nombolo kwesinye isikhathi esiyibonayo yisamba sama-oda kanambambili wezimvume, futhi ukuthi ngamunye wabo unenani alinikezwe isikhundla sakhe. A) Yebo, I-rwx, yomnikazi neqembu neyabanye, ingabonakala njenge-4, 2, 1, okuyinani eliqokiwe ngalinye lazo, bese inani eliphelele linikeza u-7 lapho unazo zonke izimvume kufayela elithile noma enkombeni, linikeza u-6 lapho ufundile futhi ubhala izimvume (njengoba u-r engu-4 no-w engu-2 ), 5 lapho usufundile futhi wenza (njengoba r kungu-4 no-x kungu-2), 4 lapho une-read kuphela, 2 lapho une-write no-1 kuphela lapho uzobulawa kuphela. Sinesibonelo esihle sokukuqonda lokhu emfanekisweni ohambisana nalokhu okuthunyelwe, lapho kukhonjiswa kahle ukuthi ungafika kanjani kunombolo 755; Esitolimeni esilandelayo, futhi sesivele sakuqonda ukuthi izimvume zisebenza kanjani kusibizo sazo senombolo nohlamvu, sizobona ungaziguqula kanjani izimvume zomsebenzisi ku-Linux.